| When
technology complements business |
EBCDIC
& ASCII Environments |
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The sorting or collating sequence for an EBCDIC environment is not the
same as the sorting or collating sequence for an ASCII environment. The
hexadecimal values used to represent the character sets that may be printed or
displayed are different. When creating reports that are sorted by an
alpha-numeric field (with or without special characters) the sequence of
the presentation of information will be different. The major difference is the
numbers (or digits) are sorted after the alphabet (with lower case
being sorted before upper case) for the EBCDIC environment. The numbers
(or digits) are sorted before the alphabet (with upper case being
sorted before lower case) for the ASCII environment. The special characters
will also be sorted differently as shown later in this document. This problem
can usually be resolved by explaining the difference to the business users
before an application is migrated between the two environments.
A bigger problem is the potential exposure for a failure in the logic of
a program because of the differences in the collating sequence. For example the
following logic will work fine in an EBCDIC environment but will fail in an
ASCII environment.
| If BYTE-ONE is less than a
SPACE-CHARACTER or Greater than DIGIT-NINE then BYTE-ONE is
non-printable |
For more informationj about the potential for logic failures refer to
the
Possibilities and Considerations
section of this document.
This suite of programs will show the differences between the EBCDIC and
ASCII collating sequences. It also provides an example of possible logic
failures in COBOL source code. This example is in COBOL but the failure would
occur with other languages.
The COBOL programs are written using the VS COBOL II dialect and also
work with COBOL for MVS and COBOL/370. A JCL member is provided to run the job
as an MVS batch job on an IBM mainframe or as a project with Micro Focus
Mainframe Express (MFE) running on a PC with Windows. A Windows Command (.CMD)
file is provided to run the job on a PC with Micro Focus Net Express. This
program may serve as a tutorial for new programmers and as a reference for
experienced programmers. Additional information about data migration or data
file conversion s provided in the
Downloads and Links to Similar Pages
section of this document. Our thanks to Larry Simmons of Micro Focus for
providing us with much of the information in this document.
The following is a list of the functions provided in this example.
| 1. |
Show the sequencing for
EBCDIC and ASCII environments. |
| 2. |
Show how to create a
file for the full, printable character set. |
| 3. |
Show an example of
source code that will produce different results between the EBCDIC and ASCII
environments. |
| 4. |
Show how to run the
application on a mainframe using JCL. |
| 5. |
Show how to run the
application on a Windows platform using a .CMD file. |
A JCL member (CBLCLTJ1.JCL) for the
mainframe or a CMD file for the Windows environment (CBLCLTE1.CMD) defines and executes a five step
procedure. The first step will delete any files created in a previous run. The
second step will create a sequential file consisting of eighty-byte records
with the first position containing a printable character. The third step will
read the file, test the character in the first position of a record for being a
valid printable character and write the results to an output file (Note:
this step will work correctly in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an ASCII
environment). The fourth step will sort the file (Note: this step will
produce different sequencing for an EBCDIC or ASCII environment). The fifth
step will read the sorted file, test the first position for a valid printable
character and write the results to an output file (Note: this step will work
properly in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an ASCII environment. Also, the
sequence of the presentation of the data will be different between the two
environments).
The following is an example of the sequential file that is created
(COLLATE1.DAT for EBCDIC and COLLATE1.TXT for
ASCII) that shows numbers, the alphabet in upper case, the alphabet in
lower case and the special characters.
0 e=F0 a=30, Digit
1 e=F1 a=31, Digit
2 e=F2 a=32, Digit
3 e=F3 a=33, Digit
4 e=F4 a=34, Digit
5 e=F5 a=35, Digit
6 e=F6 a=36, Digit
7 e=F7 a=37, Digit
8 e=F8 a=38, Digit
9 e=F9 a=39, Digit
A e=C1 a=41, Upper-Case
B e=C2 a=42, Upper-Case
C e=C3 a=43, Upper-Case
D e=C4 a=44, Upper-Case
E e=C5 a=45, Upper-Case
F e=C6 a=46, Upper-Case
G e=C7 a=47, Upper-Case
H e=C8 a=48, Upper-Case
I e=C9 a=49, Upper-Case
J e=D1 a=4A, Upper-Case
K e=D2 a=4B, Upper-Case
L e=D3 a=4C, Upper-Case
M e=D4 a=4D, Upper-Case
N e=D5 a=4E, Upper-Case
O e=D6 a=4F, Upper-Case
P e=D7 a=50, Upper-Case
Q e=D8 a=51, Upper-Case
R e=D9 a=52, Upper-Case
S e=E2 a=53, Upper-Case
T e=E3 a=54, Upper-Case
U e=E4 a=55, Upper-Case
V e=E5 a=56, Upper-Case
W e=E6 a=57, Upper-Case
X e=E7 a=58, Upper-Case
Y e=E8 a=59, Upper-Case
Z e=E9 a=6A, Upper-Case
a e=81 a=61, Lower-Case
b e=82 a=62, Lower-Case
c e=83 a=63, Lower-Case
d e=84 a=64, Lower-Case
e e=85 a=65, Lower-Case
f e=86 a=66, Lower-Case
g e=87 a=67, Lower-Case
h e=88 a=68, Lower-Case
i e=89 a=69, Lower-Case
j e=91 a=6A, Lower-Case
k e=92 a=6B, Lower-Case
l e=93 a=6C, Lower-Case
m e=94 a=6D, Lower-Case
n e=95 a=6E, Lower-Case
o e=96 a=6F, Lower-Case
p e=97 a=70, Lower-Case
q e=98 a=71, Lower-Case
r e=99 a=72, Lower-Case
s e=A2 a=73, Lower-Case
t e=A3 a=74, Lower-Case
u e=A4 a=75, Lower-Case
v e=A5 a=76, Lower-Case
w e=A6 a=77, Lower-Case
x e=A7 a=78, Lower-Case
y e=A8 a=79, Lower-Case
z e=A9 a=7A, Lower-Case
e=40 a=20, Space Character
" e=7F a=22, Double Quote
' e=7D a=27, Apostrophe
~ e=A1 a=7E, Tilde
! e=5A a=21, Exclamation Point
@ e=7C a=40, At Sign
# e=7B a=23, Square Symbol
$ e=5B a=24, Dollar Sign
% e=6C a=25, Per Cent Sign
^ e=B0 a=5E, Carat Symbol
& e=50 a=26, Ampersand
* e=5C a=2A, Asterisk
( e=4D a=2A, Left Parenthesis
) e=5D a=29, Right Parenthesis
_ e=6D a=5F, Underscore
+ e=4E a=2B, Plus Sign
{ e=C0 a=7B, Left Brace
} e=D0 a=7D, Right Brace
| e=4F a=7C, Vertical Bar
: e=7A a=3A, Colon
< e=4C a=3C, Less Than
> e=6E a=3E, Greater Than
? e=6F a=3F, Question Mark
` e=79 a=60, Back Apostrophe
- e=60 a=2D, Minus Sign
= e=7E a=3D, Equal Sign
[ e=AD a=5B, Left Bracket
] e=BD a=5D, Right Bracket
\ e=E0 a=5C, Back Slash
; e=5E a=3B, Semicolon
, e=6B a=2C, Comma
. e=4B a=2E, Period Full Stop
/ e=61 a=2F, Forward Slash |
The preceding table is then sorted by position one (1) and produces a
different sorting sequence for the EBCDIC-encoded and ASCII-encoded
environments.
The following shows the programming logic that works in an
EBCDIC-encoded environment and fails in an ASCII-encoded environment.
* The following logic will produce different results
* when in an EBCDIC or ASCII environment.
* This is because of the difference in the collating
* sequences of the two environments.
if COLLATE1-FIRST-BYTE < SPACE
or COLLATE1-FIRST-BYTE > 9
move 'NOT Printable' to COLLATE2-RECORD(16:13)
else
move 'Printable AOK' to COLLATE2-RECORD(16:13)
end-if
* End of example for logic differences
The following shows a side-by-side comparison of the results of the
sorting and the programming logic that works in an EBCDIC environment and fails
in an ASCII environment.
| Sorted Output for
EBCDIC Environment |
Sorted
Output for ASCII Environment |
Character is Printable AOK e=40 a=20, Space Character
Character is . Printable AOK e=4B a=2E, Period Full Stop
Character is < Printable AOK e=4C a=3C, Less Than
Character is ( Printable AOK e=4D a=2A, Left Parenthesis
Character is + Printable AOK e=4E a=2B, Plus Sign
Character is | Printable AOK e=4F a=7C, Vertical Bar
Character is & Printable AOK e=50 a=26, Ampersand
Character is ! Printable AOK e=5A a=21, Exclamation Point
Character is $ Printable AOK e=5B a=24, Dollar Sign
Character is * Printable AOK e=5C a=2A, Asterisk
Character is ) Printable AOK e=5D a=29, Right Parenthesis
Character is ; Printable AOK e=5E a=3B, Semicolon
Character is - Printable AOK e=60 a=2D, Minus Sign
Character is / Printable AOK e=61 a=2F, Forward Slash
Character is , Printable AOK e=6B a=2C, Comma
Character is % Printable AOK e=6C a=25, Per Cent Sign
Character is _ Printable AOK e=6D a=5F, Underscore
Character is > Printable AOK e=6E a=3E, Greater Than
Character is ? Printable AOK e=6F a=3F, Question Mark
Character is ` Printable AOK e=79 a=60, Back Apostrophe
Character is : Printable AOK e=7A a=3A, Colon
Character is # Printable AOK e=7B a=23, Square Symbol
Character is @ Printable AOK e=7C a=40, At Sign
Character is ' Printable AOK e=7D a=27, Apostrophe
Character is = Printable AOK e=7E a=3D, Equal Sign
Character is " Printable AOK e=7F a=22, Double Quote
Character is a Printable AOK e=81 a=61, Lower-Case
Character is b Printable AOK e=82 a=62, Lower-Case
Character is c Printable AOK e=83 a=63, Lower-Case
Character is d Printable AOK e=84 a=64, Lower-Case
Character is e Printable AOK e=85 a=65, Lower-Case
Character is f Printable AOK e=86 a=66, Lower-Case
Character is g Printable AOK e=87 a=67, Lower-Case
Character is h Printable AOK e=88 a=68, Lower-Case
Character is i Printable AOK e=89 a=69, Lower-Case
Character is j Printable AOK e=91 a=6A, Lower-Case
Character is k Printable AOK e=92 a=6B, Lower-Case
Character is l Printable AOK e=93 a=6C, Lower-Case
Character is m Printable AOK e=94 a=6D, Lower-Case
Character is n Printable AOK e=95 a=6E, Lower-Case
Character is o Printable AOK e=96 a=6F, Lower-Case
Character is p Printable AOK e=97 a=70, Lower-Case
Character is q Printable AOK e=98 a=71, Lower-Case
Character is r Printable AOK e=99 a=72, Lower-Case
Character is ~ Printable AOK e=A1 a=7E, Tilde
Character is s Printable AOK e=A2 a=73, Lower-Case
Character is t Printable AOK e=A3 a=74, Lower-Case
Character is u Printable AOK e=A4 a=75, Lower-Case
Character is v Printable AOK e=A5 a=76, Lower-Case
Character is w Printable AOK e=A6 a=77, Lower-Case
Character is x Printable AOK e=A7 a=78, Lower-Case
Character is y Printable AOK e=A8 a=79, Lower-Case
Character is z Printable AOK e=A9 a=7A, Lower-Case
Character is ^ Printable AOK e=B0 a=5E, Carat Symbol
Character is [ Printable AOK e=AD a=5B, Left Bracket
Character is ] Printable AOK e=BD a=5D, Right Bracket
Character is { Printable AOK e=C0 a=7B, Left Brace
Character is A Printable AOK e=C1 a=41, Upper-Case
Character is B Printable AOK e=C2 a=42, Upper-Case
Character is C Printable AOK e=C3 a=43, Upper-Case
Character is D Printable AOK e=C4 a=44, Upper-Case
Character is E Printable AOK e=C5 a=45, Upper-Case
Character is F Printable AOK e=C6 a=46, Upper-Case
Character is G Printable AOK e=C7 a=47, Upper-Case
Character is H Printable AOK e=C8 a=48, Upper-Case
Character is I Printable AOK e=C9 a=49, Upper-Case
Character is } Printable AOK e=D0 a=7D, Right Brace
Character is J Printable AOK e=D1 a=4A, Upper-Case
Character is K Printable AOK e=D2 a=4B, Upper-Case
Character is L Printable AOK e=D3 a=4C, Upper-Case
Character is M Printable AOK e=D4 a=4D, Upper-Case
Character is N Printable AOK e=D5 a=4E, Upper-Case
Character is O Printable AOK e=D6 a=4F, Upper-Case
Character is P Printable AOK e=D7 a=50, Upper-Case
Character is Q Printable AOK e=D8 a=51, Upper-Case
Character is R Printable AOK e=D9 a=52, Upper-Case
Character is \ Printable AOK e=E0 a=5C, Back Slash
Character is S Printable AOK e=E2 a=53, Upper-Case
Character is T Printable AOK e=E3 a=54, Upper-Case
Character is U Printable AOK e=E4 a=55, Upper-Case
Character is V Printable AOK e=E5 a=56, Upper-Case
Character is W Printable AOK e=E6 a=57, Upper-Case
Character is X Printable AOK e=E7 a=58, Upper-Case
Character is Y Printable AOK e=E8 a=59, Upper-Case
Character is Z Printable AOK e=E9 a=6A, Upper-Case
Character is 0 Printable AOK e=F0 a=30, Digit
Character is 1 Printable AOK e=F1 a=31, Digit
Character is 2 Printable AOK e=F2 a=32, Digit
Character is 3 Printable AOK e=F3 a=33, Digit
Character is 4 Printable AOK e=F4 a=34, Digit
Character is 5 Printable AOK e=F5 a=35, Digit
Character is 6 Printable AOK e=F6 a=36, Digit
Character is 7 Printable AOK e=F7 a=37, Digit
Character is 8 Printable AOK e=F8 a=38, Digit
Character is 9 Printable AOK e=F9 a=39, Digit
|
Character is Printable AOK e=40 a=20, Space Character
Character is ! Printable AOK e=5A a=21, Exclamation Point
Character is " Printable AOK e=7F a=22, Double Quote
Character is # Printable AOK e=7B a=23, Square Symbol
Character is $ Printable AOK e=5B a=24, Dollar Sign
Character is % Printable AOK e=6C a=25, Per Cent Sign
Character is & Printable AOK e=50 a=26, Ampersand
Character is ' Printable AOK e=7D a=27, Apostrophe
Character is ( Printable AOK e=4D a=28, Left Parenthesis
Character is ) Printable AOK e=5D a=29, Right Parenthesis
Character is * Printable AOK e=5C a=2A, Asterisk
Character is + Printable AOK e=4E a=2B, Plus Sign
Character is , Printable AOK e=6B a=2C, Comma
Character is - Printable AOK e=60 a=2D, Minus Sign
Character is . Printable AOK e=4B a=2E, Period Full Stop
Character is / Printable AOK e=61 a=2F, Forward Slash
Character is 0 Printable AOK e=F0 a=30, Digit
Character is 1 Printable AOK e=F1 a=31, Digit
Character is 2 Printable AOK e=F2 a=32, Digit
Character is 3 Printable AOK e=F3 a=33, Digit
Character is 4 Printable AOK e=F4 a=34, Digit
Character is 5 Printable AOK e=F5 a=35, Digit
Character is 6 Printable AOK e=F6 a=36, Digit
Character is 7 Printable AOK e=F7 a=37, Digit
Character is 8 Printable AOK e=F8 a=38, Digit
Character is 9 Printable AOK e=F9 a=39, Digit
Character is : NOT Printable e=7A a=3A, Colon
Character is ; NOT Printable e=5E a=3B, Semicolon
Character is < NOT Printable e=4C a=3C, Less Than
Character is = NOT Printable e=7E a=3D, Equal Sign
Character is > NOT Printable e=6E a=3E, Greater Than
Character is ? NOT Printable e=6F a=3F, Question Mark
Character is @ NOT Printable e=7C a=40, At Sign
Character is A NOT Printable e=C1 a=41, Upper-Case
Character is B NOT Printable e=C2 a=42, Upper-Case
Character is C NOT Printable e=C3 a=43, Upper-Case
Character is D NOT Printable e=C4 a=44, Upper-Case
Character is E NOT Printable e=C5 a=45, Upper-Case
Character is F NOT Printable e=C6 a=46, Upper-Case
Character is G NOT Printable e=C7 a=47, Upper-Case
Character is H NOT Printable e=C8 a=48, Upper-Case
Character is I NOT Printable e=C9 a=49, Upper-Case
Character is J NOT Printable e=D1 a=4A, Upper-Case
Character is K NOT Printable e=D2 a=4B, Upper-Case
Character is L NOT Printable e=D3 a=4C, Upper-Case
Character is M NOT Printable e=D4 a=4D, Upper-Case
Character is N NOT Printable e=D5 a=4E, Upper-Case
Character is O NOT Printable e=D6 a=4F, Upper-Case
Character is P NOT Printable e=D7 a=50, Upper-Case
Character is Q NOT Printable e=D8 a=51, Upper-Case
Character is R NOT Printable e=D9 a=52, Upper-Case
Character is S NOT Printable e=E2 a=53, Upper-Case
Character is T NOT Printable e=E3 a=54, Upper-Case
Character is U NOT Printable e=E4 a=55, Upper-Case
Character is V NOT Printable e=E5 a=56, Upper-Case
Character is W NOT Printable e=E6 a=57, Upper-Case
Character is X NOT Printable e=E7 a=58, Upper-Case
Character is Y NOT Printable e=E8 a=59, Upper-Case
Character is Z NOT Printable e=E9 a=6A, Upper-Case
Character is [ NOT Printable e=AD a=5B, Left Bracket
Character is \ NOT Printable e=E0 a=5C, Back Slash
Character is ] NOT Printable e=BD a=5D, Right Bracket
Character is ^ NOT Printable e=B0 a=5E, Carat Symbol
Character is _ NOT Printable e=6D a=5F, Underscore
Character is ` NOT Printable e=79 a=60, Back Apostrophe
Character is a NOT Printable e=81 a=61, Lower-Case
Character is b NOT Printable e=82 a=62, Lower-Case
Character is c NOT Printable e=83 a=63, Lower-Case
Character is d NOT Printable e=84 a=64, Lower-Case
Character is e NOT Printable e=85 a=65, Lower-Case
Character is f NOT Printable e=86 a=66, Lower-Case
Character is g NOT Printable e=87 a=67, Lower-Case
Character is h NOT Printable e=88 a=68, Lower-Case
Character is i NOT Printable e=89 a=69, Lower-Case
Character is j NOT Printable e=91 a=6A, Lower-Case
Character is k NOT Printable e=92 a=6B, Lower-Case
Character is l NOT Printable e=93 a=6C, Lower-Case
Character is m NOT Printable e=94 a=6D, Lower-Case
Character is n NOT Printable e=95 a=6E, Lower-Case
Character is o NOT Printable e=96 a=6F, Lower-Case
Character is p NOT Printable e=97 a=70, Lower-Case
Character is q NOT Printable e=98 a=71, Lower-Case
Character is r NOT Printable e=99 a=72, Lower-Case
Character is s NOT Printable e=A2 a=73, Lower-Case
Character is t NOT Printable e=A3 a=74, Lower-Case
Character is u NOT Printable e=A4 a=75, Lower-Case
Character is v NOT Printable e=A5 a=76, Lower-Case
Character is w NOT Printable e=A6 a=77, Lower-Case
Character is x NOT Printable e=A7 a=78, Lower-Case
Character is y NOT Printable e=A8 a=79, Lower-Case
Character is z NOT Printable e=A9 a=7A, Lower-Case
Character is { NOT Printable e=C0 a=7B, Left Brace
Character is | NOT Printable e=4F a=7C, Vertical Bar
Character is } NOT Printable e=D0 a=7D, Right Brace
Character is ~ NOT Printable e=A1 a=7E, Tilde
|
Refer to the
Possibilities and Considerations
section of this document for more inofrmation about the impact of this
collating sequence difference.
This suite of samples programs will run on the following platforms.
| 1. |
Executes on
Windows/2000, Windows/NT and Windows/XP using Micro Focus Net Express and the
CMD file provided. |
| 2. |
May be ported to run on
the UNIX platforms supported by Micro Focus COBOL. |
| 3. |
Executes on a mainframe
with MVS or Windows/2000, Windows/NT and Windows/XP using Micro Focus Mainframe
Express and the JCL file provided. |
The following diagram is an overview of how the demonstration program
fits into the example. The BLUE boxes are unique to the
mainframe and Micro Focus Mainframe Express. The
RED boxes are unique to the
PC with Windows and Micro Focus Net Express. The
GREEN boxes are platform
independent and will execute on the mainframe or a PC with Windows. Also, the
GREEN boxes may be ported
to a UNIX platform that is supported by Micro Focus COBOL.
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Entry
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Start the collating sequence
example |
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Delete previously
created output file |
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Job Step is MAKEFILE,
create a file containing the printable character set (COLLATE1). |
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Read the input file
(COLLATE1), and write the results to the output file (COLLATE2). |
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Sort the file. This
step produces different sequencing for the EBCDIC and ASCII
environments. |
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This step works on
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End-of-Job |
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This section describes some of the possible problems that may occur when
moving from an EBCDIC-encoded environment to an ASCII environment. Some coding
changes may be required to get an application to produce the same results in
both environments (reports and other output will most likely be in a
different sequence when the fields that deternine the sort sequence is
alpha-numeric).
The section will list of some of the items to look for during an EBCDIC
to ASCII conversion. The list uses the term "half-a-range" check and is used to
describe the following comparison logic.
- a GT or GE without a complimentary LT or LE
- a LT or LE without a complimentary GT or GE
The following will require extra time in the conversion process.
| 1. |
Logic that processes alpha-numeric values and does
half-a-range check using the “IF” or “EVALUATE”
capabilities of COBOL may work in an EBCDIC-encoded environment and fail in an
ASCII-encoded environment. |
| 2. |
The INCLUDE or OMIT statements in the SORT utility program that do
half-a-range check for alpha-numeric values may work in an
EBCDIC-encoded environment and fail in an ASCII-encoded environment. |
| 3. |
Tables that are hard-coded in COBOL and are accessed using a binary
search (i.e. SEARCH ALL) and the search argument is
alpha-numeric may work in an EBCDIC-encoded environment and fail
in an ASCII-encoded environment. |
| 4. |
Items that are alpha-numeric and use the technique of
comparing for 999999 to indicate end of table or last record in a file will
work in EBCDIC-encoded environments but fail in ASCII-encoded environments.
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| 5. |
When working with international character sets (i.e. accented
characters such as the umlat and tilde) be aware the upper case
“Y” with the umlat is x’FF’ in EBCDIC and this will get
converted to x’9F’ which is the ASCII equivalent. This could cause a
conflict if the actual value is used as a high-value and should not be
converted. |
| 6. |
The use of hexadecimal coding techniques (i.e.
x’C1’). This is sometimes used in COBOL and is required with the
ALTSEQ statement in the SORT utility. Note: The ALTSEQ is frequently used on
the mainframe to do a case-insensitive sort. |
| 7. |
During the data file transfer process if MFA is not used (i.e.
FTP is used) the following will require extra consideration.
| 7.1. |
A VSAM KSDS has an alpha-numeric key and
IDCAMS is used to REPRO the file to a sequential file |
| 7.2. |
The sequential file is downloaded using FTP. |
| 7.3. |
The sequential file is read, the data is converted from
EBCDIC to ASCII, a record is written to a new Key-Sequenced file. Since the key
is alpha-numeric the sequencing will be different in ASCII and an
ordered (or sequential) load of the new key-sequenced file will fail
with a sequencing (or collating) error. There are two possible solutions
to this problem.
| 7.3.1. |
Do an unordered load of the new key-sequenced
file. |
| 7.3.2. |
Convert the downloaded sequential file to ASCII and
then sort the file. Use the sorted, ASCII-encoded, sequential file to do an
ordered load of the new key-sequenced file. |
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| 8. |
Data that is sequenced by an alpha-numeric key or
sorted based on the content of an alpha-numeric field may be
presented in a different sequence. |
| 9. |
Data that is sequenced using an alphabetic upper and lower
case key or sorted based on the content of an alphabetic upper
and lower case field may be presented in a different sequence.
Note:
it is possible to do a case
insensitve sort using the ALTSEQ statement of the sort program on the mainframe
or with Micro Focus. Refer to the
sample sort program provided on the
SimoTime Web site. |
| 10. |
The technique of comparing the units position of signed,
zoned-decimal numbers for an "A-I" for positive values, a "J-R" for negative
values and the right and left curly brace for zero that works in an EBCDIC
environment may fail in an ASCII environment.
Note:
Signed, zoned-decimal format may
present some challenges depending on the coding techniques to prepare for
printing or exporting. Refer to the
zoned-decimal numeric format
provided on the SimoTime Web site. |
The preceding is a quick summary of some of the items that are
encountered when changing from an EBCDIC-encoded environment to an ASCII
encoded environment.
Doing this level of conversion will require the standard unit testing,
application testing and system testing before deploying to a production
environment. It is important to note that when doing data file compares to
validate the results between a Mainframe (EBCDIC) process and a Window, Micro
Focus (ASCII) process extra consideration will be required for both the
differences in the encoding formats and collating sequences.
Think about this senario. A customer master file contains a twelve (12)
byte key. If the first byte of the key is a number then it is an indivudual
account. If the first byte of the key is a letter then it is a commercial
account. If a program does a test as follows then the logic will work in an
EBCDIC-encoded environment but fail in an ASCII-encoded environment.
If CUSTOMER-KEY(1:1) is equal to or greater than 0
ACCOUNT-TYPE = INDIVIDUAL
else
ACCOUNT-TYPE = COMERCIAL
end-if
For the ASCII-encoded environment the preceding code example would
conclude that all the accounts are individual accounts. The code would need to
be changed to the following.
If CUSTOMER-KEY(1:1) is equal to or greater than 0
and CUSTOMER-KEY(1:1) is equal to or less than 9
ACCOUNT-TYPE = INDIVIDUAL
else
ACCOUNT-TYPE = COMERCIAL
end-if
PRE>
The preceding code example would work in both the EBCDIC-encoded and
ASCII-encoded environments.
Think about the following senario. A sequential file contains records
that will be loaded into a table. The records are in sequence based on the
content of an alpha-numeric field. The records in the file are
used to load a table in a COBOL (or other language) program. The table
is then accessed using a binary search routine. On the new platform we are now
working in an ASCII-encoded environment. The original file was EBCDIC-encoded
and in sequence by the EBCDIC collating sequence. If we simple convert the file
to ASCII-encoded format it will still be in sequence by EBCDIC (or out of
sequence in the ASCII-encoded environment). This will cause the binary
search to fail. The file must be sorted after the EBCDIC to ASCII conversion
(especially since the information in the records is aplha-numeric).
Note:
Remember, a SEARCH ALL of a table
in COBOL does a binary search and will most likely fail when accessing an
ASCII-encoded table that is in EBCDIC collating sequence and contains
alpha-numeric data. A SEARCH does a scan of the table starting at the first
element and will work but will be much slower for large tables.
This sample suite of programs has one CMD member that executes multiple
job steps to sort and present data in the ASCII collating sequence. A
subsequent step will then test the characters to determine if they are valid,
printable characters. The CMD member will execute a COBOL program that will
produce correct results in an EBCDIC environment but will fail in the ASCII
environment.
The following is the CMD required to run the demonstration program on a
Personal Computer with Micro Focus Net Express.
@echo OFF
rem * *******************************************************************
rem * This program is provided by: *
rem * SimoTime Enterprises, LLC *
rem * (C) Copyright 1987-2006 All Rights Reserved *
rem * Web Site URL: http://www.simotime.com *
rem * e-mail: helpdesk@simotime.com *
rem * *******************************************************************
rem *
rem * Text - Create, Sort and Process a Sequential file using
rem * a COBOL program.
rem * Author - SimoTime Enterprises
rem * Date - January 24, 1996
rem *
rem * The 1st step (QSAMDELT) will delete any previously created file.
rem *
rem * The 2nd step (MAKEFILE) will create a new file. The first
rem * position in each record will contain a printable character.
rem *
rem * The 3rd step will show a program that works properly in an
rem * EBCDIC environment but fails in an ASCII environment.
rem *
rem * The 4th step will SORT the file. This step will produce different
rem * results when executing on an EBCDIC or ASCII environment.
rem *
rem * The 5th step shows the sequencing for the two environments and
rem * will worked properly in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an
rem * ASCII environment.
rem *
rem * This set of programs will run on a mainframe under MVS or on a
rem * Personal Computer with Windows and Micro Focus Mainframe Express.
rem *
rem * *******************************************************************
rem * Step 1 Delete any previously created file...
rem *
set JobStatus=0000
if "%SYSLOG%" == "" set syslog=c:\SimoLIBR\LOGS\SimoTime.LOG
rem *
SimoEXEC NOTE *******************************************************CblCltE1
SimoEXEC NOTE Starting JobName CblCltE1, V04.08.13, User is %USERNAME%
:DeleteQSAM
SimoEXEC NOTE Identify JobStep DeleteQSAM
set COLLATE1=c:\SimoNXE4\AN01\DataAsc1\COLLATE1.TXT
set COLLATE2=c:\SimoNXE4\AN01\DataAsc1\COLLATE2.TXT
set COLLATE3=c:\SimoNXE4\AN01\DataAsc1\COLLATE3.TXT
set COLLATE4=c:\SimoNXE4\AN01\DataAsc1\COLLATE4.TXT
if exist %COLLATE1% del %COLLATE1%
if exist %COLLATE2% del %COLLATE2%
if exist %COLLATE3% del %COLLATE3%
if exist %COLLATE4% del %COLLATE4%
rem *
rem * *******************************************************************
rem * Step 2 Create and populate a new QSAM file...
rem *
:MakeFile
SimoEXEC NOTE Identify JobStep MakeFile
set COLLATE1=c:\SimoNXE4\AN01\DataAsc1\COLLATE1.TXT
set COLLATE2=c:\SimoNXE4\AN01\DataAsc1\COLLATE2.TXT
SimoEXEC EXEC CBLCLTC2
if ERRORLEVEL = 1 set JobStatus=0020
if not "%JobStatus%" == "0000" goto :EojNok
rem *
rem * *******************************************************************
rem * Step 3 Test for printable character, create a new output file.
rem * the program used in this step will perform correctly
rem * in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an ASCII environment
rem *
:Test0001
SimoEXEC NOTE Identify JobStep Test0001
set COLLATE1=c:\SimoNXE4\AN01\DataAsc1\COLLATE1.TXT
set COLLATE2=c:\SimoNXE4\AN01\DataAsc1\COLLATE2.TXT
SimoEXEC EXEC CBLCLTC1
if ERRORLEVEL = 1 set JobStatus=0030
if not "%JobStatus%" == "0000" goto :EojNok
rem * *******************************************************************
rem * Step 4 Sort by character set using a cobol program. This step will
rem * produce different sequencing results when running in an
rem * EBCDIC or ASCII environment.
rem *
:SortFile
SimoEXEC NOTE Identify JobStep SortFile
set SORTGET1=c:\SimoNXE4\AN01\DataAsc1\COLLATE1.TXT
set SORTPUT1=c:\SimoNXE4\AN01\DataAsc1\COLLATE3.TXT
SimoEXEC EXEC CBLS80C1
if ERRORLEVEL = 1 set JobStatus=0040
if not "%JobStatus%" == "0000" goto :EojNok
rem *
rem * *******************************************************************
rem * Step 5 Test for printable character, create a new output file.
rem * the program used in this step will perform correctly
rem * in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an ASCII environment.
rem * This step uses the sorted file and shows the sequencing
rem * that will be different when running in an EBCDIC or ASCII
rem * environment.
rem *
:Test0002
set COLLATE1=c:\SimoNXE4\AN01\DataAsc1\COLLATE3.TXT
set COLLATE2=c:\SimoNXE4\AN01\DataAsc1\COLLATE4.TXT
SimoEXEC EXEC CBLCLTC1
if ERRORLEVEL = 1 set JobStatus=0050
if not "%JobStatus%" == "0000" goto :EojNok
goto :EojAok
rem *
:EojNok
SimoEXEC NOTE ABENDING JobName CblCltE1, JobStatus %JobStatus%
SimoEXEC NOTE ABENDING Message JobStatus %JobStatus%
pause
goto :End
:EojAok
SimoEXEC NOTE Finished JobName CblCltE1, JobStatus %JobStatus%
:End
SimoEXEC NOTE Conclude SysLog is %SYSLOG%
if not "%1" == "nopause" pause
This sample suite of programs has one JCL member that executes multiple
job steps to sort and present data in the EBCDIC collating sequence. A
subsequent step will then test the characters to determine if they are valid,
printable characters. The JCL member will execute a COBOL program that will
produce correct results in an EBCDIC environment but will fail in the ASCII
environment.
The following is the JCL required to run the demonstration program on
the mainframe or with Micro Focus Mainframe Express.
//CBLCLTJ1 JOB SIMOTIME,CLASS=1,MSGCLASS=0,NOTIFY=CSIP1
//* *******************************************************************
//* This program is provided by: *
//* SimoTime Enterprises, LLC *
//* (C) Copyright 1987-2006 All Rights Reserved *
//* Web Site URL: http://www.simotime.com *
//* e-mail: helpdesk@simotime.com *
//* *******************************************************************
//*
//* Text - Create, Sort and Process a Sequential file
//* using a COBOL program.
//* Author - SimoTime Enterprises
//* Date - January 24, 1991
//*
//* The 1st step (QSAMDELT) will delete any previously created file.
//*
//* The 2nd step (MAKEFILE) will create a new file. The first
//* position in each record will contain a printable character.
//*
//* The 3rd step will show a program that works properly in an
//* EBCDIC environment but fails in an ASCII environment.
//*
//* The 4th step will SORT the file. This step will produce different
//* results when executing on an EBCDIC or ASCII environment.
//*
//* The 5th step shows the sequencing for the two environments and
//* will worked properly in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an
//* ASCII environment.
//*
//* This set of programs will run on a mainframe under MVS or on a
//* Personal Computer with Windows and Micro Focus Mainframe Express.
//*
//* *******************************************************************
//* Step 1 Delete any previously created file...
//*
//QSAMDELT EXEC PGM=IEFBR14
//COLLATE1 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE1,DISP=(MOD,DELETE,DELETE),
// STORCLAS=MFI,
// SPACE=(TRK,5),
// DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=800,DSORG=PS)
//COLLATE2 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE2,DISP=(MOD,DELETE,DELETE),
// STORCLAS=MFI,
// SPACE=(TRK,5),
// DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=8000,DSORG=PS)
//COLLATE3 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE3,DISP=(MOD,DELETE,DELETE),
// STORCLAS=MFI,
// SPACE=(TRK,5),
// DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=8000,DSORG=PS)
//COLLATE4 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE4,DISP=(MOD,DELETE,DELETE),
// STORCLAS=MFI,
// SPACE=(TRK,5),
// DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=8000,DSORG=PS)
//*
//* *******************************************************************
//* Step 2 Create and populate a new QSAM file...
//*
//MAKEFILE EXEC PGM=CBLCLTC2
//COLLATE1 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE1,
// DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE),
// STORCLAS=MFI,
// SPACE=(TRK,5),
// DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=800,DSORG=PS)
//*
//* *******************************************************************
//* Step 3 Test for printable character, create a new output file.
//* the program used in this step will perform correctly
//* in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an ASCII environment
//*
//TEST0001 EXEC PGM=CBLCLTC1
//STEPLIB DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DEMO.LOADLIB1,DISP=SHR
//COLLATE1 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE1,DISP=SHR
//COLLATE2 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE2,
// DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE),
// STORCLAS=MFI,
// SPACE=(TRK,5),
// DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=800,DSORG=PS)
//SYSOUT DD SYSOUT=*
//* *******************************************************************
//* Step 4 Sort by character set using a cobol program. This step will
//* produce different sequencing results when running in an
//* EBCDIC or ASCII environment.
//* The major difference is the numbers are sorted after the
//* alphabetic characters for the EBCDIC environment and the
//* numbers are sorted before the alhpabetic characters for
//* the ASCII environment.
//*
//SORTFILE EXEC PGM=CBLS80C1
//STEPLIB DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DEMO.LOADLIB1,DISP=SHR
//SORTGET1 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE1,DISP=SHR
//SORTPUT1 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE3,DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE),
// STORCLAS=MFI,
// SPACE=(TRK,5),
// DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=8000,DSORG=PS)
//SYSOUT DD SYSOUT=*
//*
//* *******************************************************************
//* Step 5 Test for printable character, create a new output file.
//* the program used in this step will perform correctly
//* in an EBCDIC environment but fail in an ASCII environment.
//* This step uses the sorted file and shows the sequencing
//* that will be different when running in an EBCDIC or ASCII
//* environment.
//*
//TEST0002 EXEC PGM=CBLCLTC1
//STEPLIB DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DEMO.LOADLIB1,DISP=SHR
//COLLATE1 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE3,DISP=SHR
//COLLATE2 DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.COLLATE4,
// DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE),
// STORCLAS=MFI,
// SPACE=(TRK,5),
// DCB=(RECFM=FB,LRECL=80,BLKSIZE=800,DSORG=PS)
//SYSOUT DD SYSOUT=*
//
The following is the source code listing for the demonstration program
that shows the type of programming logic that will work in an EBCDIC
environment and fail in an ASCII environment.
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. CBLCLTC1.
AUTHOR. SIMOTIME ENTERPRISES.
*****************************************************************
* Copyright (C) 1987-2006 SimoTime Enterprises, LLC. *
* *
* All rights reserved. Unpublished, all rights reserved under *
* copyright law and international treaty. Use of a copyright *
* notice is precautionary only and does not imply publication *
* or disclosure. *
* *
* Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software *
* for any commercial purpose requires a fee to be paid to *
* SimoTime Enterprises. Once the fee is received by SimoTime *
* the latest version of the software will be delivered and a *
* license will be granted for use within an enterprise, *
* provided the SimoTime copyright notice appear on all copies *
* of the software. The SimoTime name or Logo may not be used *
* in any advertising or publicity pertaining to the use of the *
* software without the written permission of SimoTime *
* Enterprises. *
* *
* Permission to use, copy and modify this software for any *
* non-commercial purpose and without fee is hereby granted, *
* provided the SimoTime copyright notice appear on all copies *
* of the software. The SimoTime name or Logo may not be used in *
* any advertising or publicity pertaining to the use of the *
* software without the written permission of SimoTime *
* Enterprises. *
* *
* SimoTime Enterprises makes no warranty or representations *
* about the suitability of the software for any purpose. It is *
* provided "AS IS" without any express or implied warranty, *
* including the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness *
* for a particular purpose and non-infringement. SimoTime *
* Enterprises shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, *
* special or consequential damages resulting from the loss of *
* use, data or projects, whether in an action of contract or *
* tort, arising out of or in connection with the use or *
* performance of this software *
* *
* SimoTime Enterprises *
* 15 Carnoustie Drive *
* Novato, CA 94949-5849 *
* 415.883.6565 *
* *
* RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND *
* Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject *
* to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of *
* the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at *
* DFARS 52.227-7013 or subparagraphs (c)(1) and (2) of *
* Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights at 48 *
* CFR 52.227-19, as applicable. Contact SimoTime Enterprises, *
* 15 Carnoustie Drive, Novato, CA 94949-5849. *
* *
*****************************************************************
* This program is provided by SimoTime Enterprises *
* Our e-mail address is: helpdesk@simotime.com *
* Also, visit our Web Site at http://www.simotime.com *
*****************************************************************
* Source Member: CBLCLTC1.CBL
* Copy Files: PASSRA12.CPY
* Calls to: SIMORA12
*****************************************************************
*
* ************
* * CBLCLTJ1 *
* ********jcl*
* *
* ************
* * IEFBR14 *
* ********utl*
* *
* ************ ************ ************
* * COLLATE1 *-----* CBLCLTC1 *-----* COLLATE2 *
* ********dat* ********cbl* ********dat*
* *
* *
* ************
* * EOJ *
* ************
*
* The purpose of this program is to shaow an example of code
* that will execute correctly in an EBCDIC environment but
* fail in an ASCII environment.
*
*****************************************************************
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT COLLATE1-FILE ASSIGN to COLLATE1
ORGANIZATION is SEQUENTIAL
ACCESS MODE is SEQUENTIAL
FILE STATUS is COLLATE1-STATUS.
SELECT COLLATE2-FILE ASSIGN to COLLATE2
ORGANIZATION is SEQUENTIAL
ACCESS MODE is SEQUENTIAL
FILE STATUS is COLLATE2-STATUS.
*****************************************************************
DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD COLLATE1-FILE
BLOCK CONTAINS 00800 CHARACTERS
DATA RECORD is COLLATE1-RECORD
.
01 COLLATE1-RECORD.
05 COLLATE1-DATA-01.
10 COLLATE1-FIRST-BYTE pic X.
10 COLLATE1-2-80 pic X(79).
FD COLLATE2-FILE
BLOCK CONTAINS 00800 CHARACTERS
DATA RECORD is COLLATE2-RECORD
.
01 COLLATE2-RECORD.
05 COLLATE2-DATA-01 pic X(00080).
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 SIM-TITLE.
05 T1 pic X(11) value '* CBLCLTC1 '.
05 T2 pic X(34) value 'Test for ASCII/EBCDIC collating '.
05 T3 pic X(10) value ' v04.08.23'.
05 T4 pic X(24) value ' http://www.simotime.com'.
01 SIM-COPYRIGHT.
05 C1 pic X(11) value '* CBLCLTC1 '.
05 C2 pic X(20) value 'Copyright 1987-2006 '.
05 C3 pic X(28) value ' SimoTime Enterprises, LLC '.
05 C4 pic X(20) value ' All Rights Reserved'.
01 SIM-THANKS-01.
05 C1 pic X(11) value '* CBLCLTC1 '.
05 C2 pic X(32) value 'Thank you for using this sample '.
05 C3 pic X(32) value 'by SimoTime Enterprises, LLC '.
05 C4 pic X(04) value ' '.
01 SIM-THANKS-02.
05 C1 pic X(11) value '* CBLCLTC1 '.
05 C2 pic X(32) value 'Please send comments or suggesti'.
05 C3 pic X(32) value 'ons to helpdesk@simotime.com '.
05 C4 pic X(04) value ' '.
01 MESSAGE-BUFFER.
05 MESSAGE-HEADER pic X(11) value '* CBLCLTC1 '.
05 MESSAGE-TEXT.
10 MESSAGE-TEXT-1 pic X(68) value SPACES.
10 MESSAGE-TEXT-2 pic X(188) value SPACES.
01 COLLATE1-STATUS.
05 COLLATE1-STATUS-L pic X.
05 COLLATE1-STATUS-R pic X.
01 COLLATE1-EOF pic X value 'N'.
01 COLLATE1-OPEN-FLAG pic X value 'C'.
01 COLLATE2-STATUS.
05 COLLATE2-STATUS-L pic X.
05 COLLATE2-STATUS-R pic X.
01 COLLATE2-EOF pic X value 'N'.
01 COLLATE2-OPEN-FLAG pic X value 'C'.
01 IO-STATUS.
05 IO-STAT1 pic X.
05 IO-STAT2 pic X.
01 TWO-BYTES.
05 TWO-BYTES-LEFT pic X.
05 TWO-BYTES-RIGHT pic X.
01 TWO-BYTES-BINARY redefines TWO-BYTES pic 9(4) comp.
01 APPL-RESULT pic S9(9) comp.
88 APPL-AOK value 0.
88 APPL-EOF value 16.
01 ONE-BYTE pic X.
01 COLLATE1-TOTAL.
05 filler pic X(23) value 'COLLATE1 line count is '.
05 COLLATE1-LOC pic 9(7) value 0.
*****************************************************************
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
perform Z-POST-COPYRIGHT
perform COLLATE1-OPEN
perform COLLATE2-OPEN
perform until COLLATE1-STATUS not = '00'
perform COLLATE1-READ
if COLLATE1-STATUS = '00'
add 1 to COLLATE1-LOC
move SPACES to COLLATE2-RECORD
move 'Character is ' to COLLATE2-RECORD
move COLLATE1-FIRST-BYTE to COLLATE2-RECORD(14:1)
* The following logic will produce different results
* when in an EBCDIC or ASCII environment.
* This is because of the difference in the collating
* sequences of the two environemnts.
if COLLATE1-FIRST-BYTE < SPACE
or COLLATE1-FIRST-BYTE > 9
move 'NOT Printable' to COLLATE2-RECORD(16:13)
else
move 'Printable AOK' to COLLATE2-RECORD(16:13)
end-if
move COLLATE1-2-80(1:40) to COLLATE2-RECORD(29:40)
if COLLATE2-RECORD not = SPACES
move COLLATE2-RECORD to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
perform COLLATE2-WRITE
end-if
* End of example for logic differences
end-if
end-perform
move COLLATE1-TOTAL to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
if COLLATE1-EOF = 'Y'
move 'is Finished...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
else
move 'is ABENDING...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
end-if
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
perform COLLATE2-CLOSE
perform COLLATE1-CLOSE
perform Z-THANK-YOU.
GOBACK.
*****************************************************************
* I/O ROUTINES FOR COLLATE1... *
*****************************************************************
COLLATE1-CLOSE.
add 8 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT.
close COLLATE1-FILE
if COLLATE1-STATUS = '00'
subtract APPL-RESULT from APPL-RESULT
else
add 12 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
end-if
if APPL-AOK
CONTINUE
else
move 'COLLATE1-Failure-CLOSE...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
move COLLATE1-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
exit.
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
COLLATE1-READ.
read COLLATE1-FILE
if COLLATE1-STATUS = '00'
subtract APPL-RESULT from APPL-RESULT
else
if COLLATE1-STATUS = '10'
add 16 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
else
add 12 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
end-if
end-if
if APPL-AOK
CONTINUE
else
if APPL-EOF
move 'Y' to COLLATE1-EOF
else
move 'COLLATE1-Failure-GET...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
move COLLATE1-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
end-if
exit.
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
COLLATE1-OPEN.
add 8 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT.
open input COLLATE1-FILE
if COLLATE1-STATUS = '00'
subtract APPL-RESULT from APPL-RESULT
move 'O' to COLLATE1-OPEN-FLAG
else
add 12 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
end-if
if APPL-AOK
CONTINUE
else
move 'COLLATE1-Failure-OPEN...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
move COLLATE1-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
exit.
*****************************************************************
* I/O ROUTINES FOR COLLATE2... *
*****************************************************************
COLLATE2-WRITE.
if COLLATE2-OPEN-FLAG = 'C'
perform COLLATE2-OPEN
end-if
write COLLATE2-RECORD
if COLLATE2-STATUS = '00'
subtract APPL-RESULT from APPL-RESULT
else
if COLLATE2-STATUS = '10'
add 16 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
else
add 12 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
end-if
end-if.
if APPL-AOK
CONTINUE
else
move 'COLLATE2-Failure-WRITE...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
move COLLATE2-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
exit.
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
COLLATE2-OPEN.
add 8 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT.
open output COLLATE2-FILE
if COLLATE2-STATUS = '00'
subtract APPL-RESULT from APPL-RESULT
move 'O' to COLLATE2-OPEN-FLAG
else
add 12 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
end-if
if APPL-AOK
CONTINUE
else
move 'COLLATE2-Failure-OPEN...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
move COLLATE2-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
exit.
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
COLLATE2-CLOSE.
add 8 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT.
close COLLATE2-FILE
if COLLATE2-STATUS = '00'
subtract APPL-RESULT from APPL-RESULT
move 'C' to COLLATE2-OPEN-FLAG
else
add 12 to ZERO giving APPL-RESULT
end-if
if APPL-AOK
CONTINUE
else
move 'COLLATE2-Failure-CLOSE...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
move COLLATE2-STATUS to IO-STATUS
perform Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS
perform Z-ABEND-PROGRAM
end-if
exit.
*****************************************************************
* The following Z-Routines perform administrative tasks *
* for this program. *
*****************************************************************
* ABEND the program, post a message to the console and issue *
* a STOP RUN. *
*****************************************************************
Z-ABEND-PROGRAM.
if MESSAGE-TEXT not = SPACES
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
end-if
move 'PROGRAM-IS-ABENDING...' to MESSAGE-TEXT
perform Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE
add 12 to ZERO giving RETURN-CODE
STOP RUN
exit.
*****************************************************************
* Display CONSOLE messages... *
*****************************************************************
Z-DISPLAY-CONSOLE-MESSAGE.
if MESSAGE-TEXT-2 = SPACES
display MESSAGE-BUFFER(1:79) upon console
else
display MESSAGE-BUFFER upon console
end-if
move all SPACES to MESSAGE-TEXT
exit.
*****************************************************************
* Display the file status bytes. This routine will display as *
* two digits if the full two byte file status is numeric. If *
* second byte is non-numeric then it will be treated as a *
* binary number. *
*****************************************************************
Z-DISPLAY-IO-STATUS.
if IO-STATUS not NUMERIC
or IO-STAT1 = '9'
subtract TWO-BYTES-BINARY from TWO-BYTES-BINARY
move IO-STAT2 to TWO-BYTES-RIGHT
display '* CBLCLTC1 File-Status-' IO-STAT1 '/'
TWO-BYTES-BINARY upon console
else
display '* CBLCLTC1 File-Status-' IO-STATUS upon console
end-if
exit.
*****************************************************************
Z-POST-COPYRIGHT.
display SIM-TITLE upon console
display SIM-COPYRIGHT upon console
exit.
*****************************************************************
Z-THANK-YOU.
display SIM-THANKS-01 upon console
display SIM-THANKS-02 upon console
exit.
*****************************************************************
* This example is provided by SimoTime Enterprises *
* Our e-mail address is: helpdesk@simotime.com *
* Also, visit our Web Site at http://www.simotime.com *
*****************************************************************
The following is the source code listing for the sorting program. This
program will produce a different sorting sequence for the EBCDIC and ASCII
environments.
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. CBLS80C1.
AUTHOR. SIMOTIME ENTERPRISES.
*****************************************************************
* Copyright (C) 1987-2006 SimoTime Enterprises, LLC. *
* *
* All rights reserved. Unpublished, all rights reserved under *
* copyright law and international treaty. Use of a copyright *
* notice is precautionary only and does not imply publication *
* or disclosure. *
* *
* Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software *
* for any commercial purpose requires a fee to be paid to *
* SimoTime Enterprises. Once the fee is received by SimoTime *
* the latest version of the software will be delivered and a *
* license will be granted for use within an enterprise, *
* provided the SimoTime copyright notice appear on all copies *
* of the software. The SimoTime name or Logo may not be used *
* in any advertising or publicity pertaining to the use of the *
* software without the written permission of SimoTime *
* Enterprises. *
* *
* Permission to use, copy and modify this software for any *
* non-commercial purpose and without fee is hereby granted, *
* provided the SimoTime copyright notice appear on all copies *
* of the software. The SimoTime name or Logo may not be used in *
* any advertising or publicity pertaining to the use of the *
* software without the written permission of SimoTime *
* Enterprises. *
* *
* SimoTime Enterprises makes no warranty or representations *
* about the suitability of the software for any purpose. It is *
* provided "AS IS" without any express or implied warranty, *
* including the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness *
* for a particular purpose and non-infringement. SimoTime *
* Enterprises shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, *
* special or consequential damages resulting from the loss of *
* use, data or projects, whether in an action of contract or *
* tort, arising out of or in connection with the use or *
* performance of this software *
* *
* SimoTime Enterprises *
* 15 Carnoustie Drive *
* Novato, CA 94949-5849 *
* 415.883.6565 *
* *
* RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND *
* Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject *
* to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of *
* the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at *
* DFARS 52.227-7013 or subparagraphs (c)(1) and (2) of *
* Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights at 48 *
* CFR 52.227-19, as applicable. Contact SimoTime Enterprises, *
* 15 Carnoustie Drive, Novato, CA 94949-5849. *
* *
*****************************************************************
* This program is provided by SimoTime Enterprises *
* Our e-mail address is: helpdesk@simotime.com *
* Also, visit our Web Site at http://www.simotime.com *
* *
*****************************************************************
*
*****************************************************************
* Source Member: CBLS80C1.CBL
*****************************************************************
* CBLS80C1 - Sort a File.
*
* CALLING PROTOCOL
* ----------------
* Use standard procedure to RUN or ANIMATE.
*
* DESCRIPTION
* -----------
* This program will sort a file by Postal Code sequence.
*
* ************ ************ ************
* * SORTGET1 *-----* CBLS80C1 *-----* SORTPUT1 *
* ************ ********cbl* ******dsply*
* *
* *
* ************
* * EOJ *
* ************
*
*****************************************************************
* MAINTENANCE
* -----------
* 1989/02/27 Simmons, Created program.
* 1997/03/17 Simmons, Updated for OPEN to test existance of
* the input file.
*
*****************************************************************
*
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT SORT-WORK ASSIGN TO SORTWORK.
SELECT SORT-INPUT ASSIGN TO SORTGET1
ORGANIZATION IS SEQUENTIAL
FILE STATUS IS SORT-INPUT-STATUS.
SELECT SORT-OUTPUT ASSIGN TO SORTPUT1
ORGANIZATION IS SEQUENTIAL.
*****************************************************************
DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
SD SORT-WORK.
01 SORT-WORK-RECORD.
05 COLLATE-CHARACTER pic X.
05 FILLER pic X.
05 CHARACTER-DESCRIPTION pic X(78).
FD SORT-INPUT.
01 SORT-INPUT-RECORD.
05 COLLATE-CHARACTER pic X.
05 FILLER pic X.
05 CHARACTER-DESCRIPTION pic X(78).
FD SORT-OUTPUT.
01 SORT-OUTPUT-RECORD.
05 COLLATE-CHARACTER pic X.
05 FILLER pic X.
05 CHARACTER-DESCRIPTION pic X(78).
*****************************************************************
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 SIM-TITLE.
05 T1 pic X(11) value '* CBLS80C1 '.
05 T2 pic X(34) value 'Sort a File with 80-Byte Records '.
05 T3 pic X(10) value ' v04.08.23'.
05 T4 pic X(24) value ' http://www.simotime.com'.
01 SIM-COPYRIGHT.
05 C1 pic X(11) value '* CBLS80C1 '.
05 C2 pic X(20) value 'Copyright 1987-2006 '.
05 C3 pic X(28) value ' SimoTime Enterprises, LLC '.
05 C4 pic X(20) value ' All Rights Reserved'.
01 SORT-INPUT-STATUS.
