Commonly Used Numeric Formats
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COBOL Numbers Commonly Used Numeric Formats |
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This suite of example programs will describe the format and size of some of the commonly used numeric fields of the COBOL programming language. This example also illustrates how to redefine a numeric field and how to display the actual hexadecimal content of a numeric field.
In the wonderful world of programming there are many ways to solve a problem. This suite of programs is provided as a COBOL example of one of the possible solutions to the problem of determining the actual content and length of a numeric field.
This example illustrates the following functions.
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| Common Numeric Types, Objectives for this Document and Sample Programs |
This suite of example programs will run on the following platforms.
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| Operating System and Supporting Software Requirements |
The following is a flowchart of the job for executing the programs that show the usage of numeric field types.
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| Common ly used Numeric Types |
Note: The light-green boxes are unique to the Mainframe and Micro Focus Enterprise Server/Studio (or Micro Focus Mainframe Express). The light-red boxes are unique to the PC with Windows and Micro Focus. The light-yellow boxes are decision points or program transitions in the processing logic. The light-blue boxes identify data structures such as Files, VSAM Data Sets or Relational Tables. The light-gray boxes identify a system function or information item.
The following is a sample of the Dump information produced on a Windows System running Micro Focus Studio configured for ASCII. The sample COBOL program is compiled with a mainframe dialect using an ASCII character set (i.e. ASCII encoded).
* Task0001 *
* Task0001 ********************************************************************
* Task0001 UNSIGNED-123 PIC 9(5)
* Task0001 Starting... Length = 0005
* Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii...........
* 1-016 30303132 33xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ 00123...........
* Task0001 Complete... Length = 0005
* Task0002 *
* Task0002 ********************************************************************
* Task0002 PLUS-123 PIC S9(5)
* Task0002 Starting... Length = 0005
* Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii...........
* 1-016 30303132 33xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ 00123...........
* Task0002 Complete... Length = 0005
* Task0002 *
* Task0002 MINUS-123 PIC S9(5)
* Task0002 Starting... Length = 0005
* Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii...........
* 1-016 30303132 73xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ 0012s...........
* Task0002 Complete... Length = 0005
* Task0003 *
* Task0003 ********************************************************************
* Task0003 PLUS-123-PACKED PIC S9(5) COMP-3
* Task0003 Starting... Length = 0003
* Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii...........
* 1-016 00123Cxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ ..<.............
* Task0003 Complete... Length = 0003
* Task0003 *
* Task0003 MINUS-123-PACKED PIC S9(5) COMP-3
* Task0003 Starting... Length = 0003
* Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii...........
* 1-016 00123Dxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ ..=.............
* Task0003 Complete... Length = 0003
* Task0004 *
* Task0004 ********************************************************************
* Task0004 PLUS-123-BINARY PIC S9(5) BINARY
* Task0004 Starting... Length = 0004
* Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii...........
* 1-016 0000007B xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ...#............ ...{............
* Task0004 Complete... Length = 0004
* Task0004 *
* Task0004 MINUS-123-BINARY PIC S9(5) BINARY
* Task0004 Starting... Length = 0004
* Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii...........
* 1-016 FFFFFF85 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ...e............ ................
* Task0004 Complete... Length = 0004
* Task0005 *
* Task0005 ********************************************************************
* Task0005 PLUS-123-SL PIC S9(5) SIGN LEADING
* Task0005 Starting... Length = 0005
* Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii...........
* 1-016 30303132 33xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ 00123...........
* Task0005 Complete... Length = 0005
* Task0005 *
* Task0005 MINUS-123-SL PIC S9(5) SIGN LEADING
* Task0005 Starting... Length = 0005
* Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii...........
* 1-016 70303132 33xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ p0123...........
* Task0005 Complete... Length = 0005
* Task0006 *
* Task0006 ********************************************************************
* Task0006 PLUS-123-ST PIC S9(5) SIGN TRAILING
* Task0006 Starting... Length = 0005
* Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii...........
* 1-016 30303132 33xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ 00123...........
* Task0006 Complete... Length = 0005
* Task0006 *
* Task0006 MINUS-123-ST PIC S9(5) SIGN TRAILING
* Task0006 Starting... Length = 0005
* Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii...........
* 1-016 30303132 73xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ 0012s...........
* Task0006 Complete... Length = 0005
* Task0007 *
* Task0007 ********************************************************************
* Task0007 PLUS-123-SLS PIC S9(5) SIGN LEADING SEPARATE
* Task0007 Starting... Length = 0006
* Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii...........
* 1-016 2B303031 3233xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ +00123..........
* Task0007 Complete... Length = 0006
* Task0007 *
* Task0007 MINUS-123-SLS PIC S9(5) SIGN LEADING SEPARATE
* Task0007 Starting... Length = 0006
* Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii...........
* 1-016 2D303031 3233xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ -00123..........
* Task0007 Complete... Length = 0006
* Task0008 *
* Task0008 ********************************************************************
* Task0008 PLUS-123-STS PIC S9(5) SIGN TRAILING SEPARATE
* Task0008 Starting... Length = 0006
* Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii...........
* 1-016 30303132 332Bxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ 00123+..........
* Task0008 Complete... Length = 0006
* Task0008 *
* Task0008 MINUS-123-STS PIC S9(5) SIGN TRAILING SEPARATE
* Task0008 Starting... Length = 0006
* Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii...........
* 1-016 30303132 332Dxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ 00123-..........
* Task0008 Complete... Length = 0006
* Task0009 *
* Task0009 ********************************************************************
* Task0009 Digits=001 Packed=001 Binary=002 NBR-01 Field Sizes for PIC 9
* Task0009 Digits=002 Packed=002 Binary=002 NBR-02 Field Sizes for PIC 99
* Task0009 Digits=003 Packed=002 Binary=002 NBR-03 Field Sizes for PIC 999
* Task0009 Digits=004 Packed=003 Binary=002 NBR-04 Field Sizes for PIC 9(4)
* Task0009 Digits=005 Packed=003 Binary=004 NBR-05 Field Sizes for PIC 9(5)
* Task0009 Digits=006 Packed=004 Binary=004 NBR-06 Field Sizes for PIC 9(6)
* Task0009 Digits=007 Packed=004 Binary=004 NBR-07 Field Sizes for PIC 9(7)
* Task0009 Digits=008 Packed=005 Binary=004 NBR-08 Field Sizes for PIC 9(8)
* Task0009 Digits=009 Packed=005 Binary=004 NBR-09 Field Sizes for PIC 9(9)
* Task0009 Digits=010 Packed=006 Binary=008 NBR-10 Field Sizes for PIC 9(10)
* Task0009 Digits=011 Packed=006 Binary=008 NBR-11 Field Sizes for PIC 9(11)
* Task0009 Digits=012 Packed=007 Binary=008 NBR-12 Field Sizes for PIC 9(12)
* Task0009 Digits=013 Packed=007 Binary=008 NBR-13 Field Sizes for PIC 9(13)
* Task0009 Digits=014 Packed=008 Binary=008 NBR-14 Field Sizes for PIC 9(14)
* Task0009 Digits=015 Packed=008 Binary=008 NBR-15 Field Sizes for PIC 9(15)
* Task0009 Digits=016 Packed=009 Binary=008 NBR-16 Field Sizes for PIC 9(16)
* Task0009 Digits=017 Packed=009 Binary=008 NBR-17 Field Sizes for PIC 9(17)
* Task0009 Digits=018 Packed=010 Binary=008 NBR-18 Field Sizes for PIC 9(18)
* Task0009 ********************************************************************
A bit is the smallest unit of information processed by a computer. A bit may be switched OFF (a ZERO value) or ON (a ONE value). When eight bits are grouped together it is called a byte. A byte may be used to represent letters of the alphabet, numbers and other special characters. For example, the bit arrangement within a byte for the letter "A" would be 11000001. The bit arrangement for the text string "AB12" would be 11000001110000101111000111110010. This is difficult for people to read. To make this a bit easier (sorry, no pun intended) to read the bits are usually arranged in groups of four bits (sometimes called nibbles) separated by a space or comma. For example, the bit arrangement (or binary notation) for "AB12" would be 1100,0001,1100,0010,1111,0001,1111,0010. Binary notation is still not that easy to understand and hexadecimal code became very popular. Since a nibble (four-bits) can only represent 16 different values a single number or letter is used to represent each hexadecimal value (bit arrangement within a nibble).
| Binary Value | Hexadecimal Value | Decimal Value |
| 0000 | 0 | 0 |
| 0001 | 1 | 1 |
| 0010 | 2 | 2 |
| 0011 | 3 | 3 |
| 0100 | 4 | 4 |
| 0101 | 5 | 5 |
| 0110 | 6 | 6 |
| 0111 | 7 | 7 |
| 1000 | 8 | 8 |
| 1001 | 9 | 9 |
| 1010 | A | 10 |
| 1011 | B | 11 |
| 1100 | C | 12 |
| 1101 | D | 13 |
| 1110 | E | 14 |
| 1111 | F | 15 |
Using the preceding table we can now represent the Binary value of 11000001110000101111000111110010 as C1C2F1F2. The following table may be easier to read.
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| A | B | 1 | 2 |
Note: A table of the full 256 character set including Binary, Hexadecimal, Decimal and the EBCDIC and ASCII displayable characters is available in the SimoTime Library.
The three most common mainframe numeric encoding formats are Zoned-Decimal, Packed-Decimal and Binary. The following shows how the numeric fields would be defined in a COBOL WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
| Numeric Field Type | Coding Syntax | Normally Coded (Minimum) |
| Binary (alternate coding technique) |
USAGE IS COMPUTATIONAL USAGE IS BINARY |
COMP BINARY |
| Packed Decimal | USAGE IS COMPUTATIONAL-3 | COMP-3 |
| Zoned Decimal | USAGE IS DISPLAY | Left blank, this is the default |
The following is an example of actual COBOL source code.
* The following two lines show the syntax for a binary field,
* 1st line is full syntax, 2nd line is normally coded syntax.
01 NUMERIC-BINARY-FULL PIC S9(5)V99 USAGE IS COMPUTATIONAL.
01 NUMERIC-BINARY-NORM PIC S9(5)V99 COMP.
* The following two lines show the syntax for a packed field,
* 1st line is full syntax, 2nd line is normally coded syntax.
01 NUMERIC-PACKED-FULL PIC S9(5)V99 USAGE IS COMPUTATIONAL-3.
01 NUMERIC-PACKED-NORM PIC S9(5)V99 COMP-3.
* The following two lines show the syntax for a zoned field,
* 1st line is full syntax, 2nd line is normally coded syntax.
01 NUMERIC-ZONED-FULL PIC S9(5)V99 USAGE IS DISPLAY.
01 NUMERIC-ZONED-NORM PIC S9(5)V99.
The following is the output of TASK009 when the COBOL program is compiled using a mainframe dialect with the IBMCOMP and NOTRUNC compiler directives. In this example (Task0009) notice the lengths for the BINARY fields, They are 2, 4 or 8 bytes.
* Task0009 * * Task0009 ******************************************************************** * Task0009 Digits=001 Packed=001 Binary=002 NBR-01 Field Sizes for PIC 9 * Task0009 Digits=002 Packed=002 Binary=002 NBR-02 Field Sizes for PIC 99 * Task0009 Digits=003 Packed=002 Binary=002 NBR-03 Field Sizes for PIC 999 * Task0009 Digits=004 Packed=003 Binary=002 NBR-04 Field Sizes for PIC 9(4) * Task0009 Digits=005 Packed=003 Binary=004 NBR-05 Field Sizes for PIC 9(5) * Task0009 Digits=006 Packed=004 Binary=004 NBR-06 Field Sizes for PIC 9(6) * Task0009 Digits=007 Packed=004 Binary=004 NBR-07 Field Sizes for PIC 9(7) * Task0009 Digits=008 Packed=005 Binary=004 NBR-08 Field Sizes for PIC 9(8) * Task0009 Digits=009 Packed=005 Binary=004 NBR-09 Field Sizes for PIC 9(9) * Task0009 Digits=010 Packed=006 Binary=008 NBR-10 Field Sizes for PIC 9(10) * Task0009 Digits=011 Packed=006 Binary=008 NBR-11 Field Sizes for PIC 9(11) * Task0009 Digits=012 Packed=007 Binary=008 NBR-12 Field Sizes for PIC 9(12) * Task0009 Digits=013 Packed=007 Binary=008 NBR-13 Field Sizes for PIC 9(13) * Task0009 Digits=014 Packed=008 Binary=008 NBR-14 Field Sizes for PIC 9(14) * Task0009 Digits=015 Packed=008 Binary=008 NBR-15 Field Sizes for PIC 9(15) * Task0009 Digits=016 Packed=009 Binary=008 NBR-16 Field Sizes for PIC 9(16) * Task0009 Digits=017 Packed=009 Binary=008 NBR-17 Field Sizes for PIC 9(17) * Task0009 Digits=018 Packed=010 Binary=008 NBR-18 Field Sizes for PIC 9(18) * Task0009 ********************************************************************
The following is the output of TASK009 when the COBOL program is compiled using a non-mainframe dialect. In this example (Task0009) notice the lengths for the BINARY fields, They are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 bytes.
* Task0009 * * Task0009 ******************************************************************** * Task0009 Digits=001 Packed=001 Binary=001 NBR-01 Field Sizes for PIC 9 * Task0009 Digits=002 Packed=002 Binary=001 NBR-02 Field Sizes for PIC 99 * Task0009 Digits=003 Packed=002 Binary=002 NBR-03 Field Sizes for PIC 999 * Task0009 Digits=004 Packed=003 Binary=002 NBR-04 Field Sizes for PIC 9(4) * Task0009 Digits=005 Packed=003 Binary=003 NBR-05 Field Sizes for PIC 9(5) * Task0009 Digits=006 Packed=004 Binary=003 NBR-06 Field Sizes for PIC 9(6) * Task0009 Digits=007 Packed=004 Binary=003 NBR-07 Field Sizes for PIC 9(7) * Task0009 Digits=008 Packed=005 Binary=004 NBR-08 Field Sizes for PIC 9(8) * Task0009 Digits=009 Packed=005 Binary=004 NBR-09 Field Sizes for PIC 9(9) * Task0009 Digits=010 Packed=006 Binary=005 NBR-10 Field Sizes for PIC 9(10) * Task0009 Digits=011 Packed=006 Binary=005 NBR-11 Field Sizes for PIC 9(11) * Task0009 Digits=012 Packed=007 Binary=005 NBR-12 Field Sizes for PIC 9(12) * Task0009 Digits=013 Packed=007 Binary=006 NBR-13 Field Sizes for PIC 9(13) * Task0009 Digits=014 Packed=008 Binary=006 NBR-14 Field Sizes for PIC 9(14) * Task0009 Digits=015 Packed=008 Binary=007 NBR-15 Field Sizes for PIC 9(15) * Task0009 Digits=016 Packed=009 Binary=007 NBR-16 Field Sizes for PIC 9(16) * Task0009 Digits=017 Packed=009 Binary=008 NBR-17 Field Sizes for PIC 9(17) * Task0009 Digits=018 Packed=010 Binary=008 NBR-18 Field Sizes for PIC 9(18) * Task0009 ********************************************************************
The following shows the picture (PIC) clause, how the item is displayed using the DISPLAY verb, the field as it is stored in memory for an EBCDIC environment, the field as it would be stored in memory for an ASCII environment
| Picture Clause | DISPLAY | Memory Content (EBCDIC) | Memory Content (ASCII) |
| PIC 9(5) | 00123 | F0F0F1F2F3 | 3030313233 |
| PIC S9(5) plus | 00123 | F0F0F1F2C3 | 3303013233 |
| PIC S9(5) minus | 00123- | F0F0F1F2D3 | 3030313273 |
| PIC S9(5) COMP-3 plus | 00123 | 00123C | 00123C |
| PIC S9(5) COMP-3 minus | 00123- | 00123D | 00123D |
| PIC S9(5) COMP plus | 00123 | 0000007B | 00007B |
| PIC S9(5) COMP minus | 00123- | FFFFFF85 | FFFF85 |
In addition to the ASCII and EBCDIC differences it is important to note the hardware differences for binary numbers. Most COBOL compilers hide this level of processing. However, it occasionally shows up as a problem.
Big Endian - within a multi-byte numeric representation the most significant byte has the lowest address. Processors such as the IBM 370 family, the PDP-10, the Motorola microprocessor family, and most of the various RISC architectures are big-endian.
Little Endian - within a sixteen or thirty-two bit word the bytes at lower addresses have lower significance. Processors such as the PDP-11 and VAX family of computers, the Intel microprocessors, and much of the communications and networking hardware are little-endian.
The following is an example of the Dump information produced on an IBM Mainframe or Micro Focus Mainframe Express on the PC that works with EBCDIC. The hexadecimal information is (highlighted in green) The possible translated, displayable EBCDIC characters are (highlighted in blue). The possible translated, displayable ASCII characters are.(highlighted in red).
* Dump0001 * * Dump0001 ******************************************************************** * Dump0001 Dump UNSIGNED-123 PIC 9(5) * Dump0001 Starting... Length = 0005 * Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii........... * 1-016 F0F0F1F2 F3xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 00123........... ................ * Dump0001 Complete... Length = 0005
If the sample program is executed in the PC, ASCII environment the following would be displayed and written to the log file.
* Dump0001 * * Dump0001 ******************************************************************** * Dump0001 Dump UNSIGNED-123 PIC 9(5) * Dump0001 Starting... Length = 0005 * Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii........... * 1-016 30303132 33xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ 00123........... * Dump0001 Complete... Length = 0005
The preceding dump information (Dump0001) is for a simple, unsigned numeric field that is defined with a PICTURE 9(5) VALUE 123. In the next example (Dump0002) we will take a look at a simple, signed numeric field that is defined with a PICTURE S9(5) VALUE 123. The first part of the following is for the mainframe, EBCDIC environment.
* Dump0002 * * Dump0002 ******************************************************************** * Dump0002 PLUS-123 PIC S9(5) * Dump0002 Starting... Length = 0005 * Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii........... * 1-016 F0F0F1F2 C3xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 0012C........... ................ * Dump0002 Complete... Length = 0005 * Dump0002 * * Dump0002 MINUS-123 PIC S9(5) * Dump0002 Starting... Length = 0005 * Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii........... * 1-016 F0F0F1F2 D3xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 0012L........... ................ * Dump0002 Complete... Length = 0005
If the sample program is executed in the PC, ASCII environment the following would be displayed and written to the log file.
* Dump0002 ******************************************************************** * Dump0002 PLUS-123 PIC S9(5) * Dump0002 Starting... Length = 0005 * Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii........... * 1-016 30303132 33xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ 00123........... * Dump0002 Complete... Length = 0005 * Dump0002 * * Dump0002 MINUS-123 PIC S9(5) * Dump0002 Starting... Length = 0005 * Offset Hex..... ........ ........ ........ ebcdic.......... ascii........... * 1-016 30303132 73xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx ................ 0012s........... * Dump0002 Complete... Length = 0005
In the preceding example for a signed numeric field (Dump0002) notice the high-order nibble in the units position is used for the sign and the low-order nibble is used for the digit value.
The following links will provide additional information about Data File Conversion between ASCII and EBCDIC or Mainframe Numeric encoding and Windows or UNIX numeric Encoding.
Explore an Overview of File Conversion Process with detailed examples.
Explore File Conversion at the Record Level or positions within a record.
Explore File Conversion at the Field Level based on Field Name and Field Type as defined in a COBOL copy file.
The following (NBRTYPE1.CMD) is a sample of the Windows CMD needed to run this job.
@echo OFF
rem * *******************************************************************
rem * NBRTYPE1.CMD - a Windows Command File *
rem * This program is provided by SimoTime Enterprises *
rem * (C) Copyright 1987-2012 All Rights Reserved *
rem * Web Site URL: http://www.simotime.com *
rem * e-mail: helpdesk@simotime.com *
rem * *******************************************************************
rem *
rem * Text - COBOL and Commonly User Numeric Formats
rem * Author - SimoTime Enterprises
rem * Date - November 11, 2003
rem * Version - 03.12.15
rem *
rem * This set of programs illustrates the use of some of the commonly
rem * used numeric formats. It will show actual hex-dump content of
rem * the fields along with the field length for the display format
rem * (actual digits), the packed format (COMP-3) and the binary (COMP)
rem * formats.
rem *
rem * The COBOL programs are compiled with the ASSIGN(EXTERNAL)
rem * directive. This provides for external file mapping of file names.
rem *
rem * When running with Net Express the IBMCOMP an NOTRUNC directives
rem * will be required to maintain compatability with the mainframe
rem * format and field sizes for binary fields.
rem *
rem * This technique provides for the use of a single COBOL source
rem * program that will run on OS/390, Windows or Unix.
rem *
rem * This set of programs will run on a Personal Computer with Windows
rem * and Micro Focus Net Express.
rem *
rem * ************
rem * * NBRTYPE1 *
rem * ********cmd*
rem * *
rem * *
rem * ************ ************ ************
rem * * RUN ******* NBRTYPC1 ******* SIMODUMP *
rem * ************ ********gnt* * ********dll*
rem * * *
rem * * ************ ************
rem * * * SIMOLOGS ******* CONSOLE *
rem * * ********dll* * ************
rem * * *
rem * * * ************
rem * * **** SYSLOG *
rem * * *******data*
rem * *
rem * ************
rem * * EOJ *
rem * ************
rem *
rem * *******************************************************************
rem * Step 1 of 2 Set the global environment variables...
rem *
set CmdName=NBRTYPE1
call ..\Env1BASE
rem *
call SimoNOTE "*******************************************************%CmdName%.CMD"
call SimoNOTE "Starting JobName %CmdName%.CMD"
rem *
rem * *******************************************************************
rem * Step 1 of 1, Execute the Number Format Analysis Program...
rem *
run NbrTypC1
if not "%ERRORLEVEL%" == "0" set JobStatus=0010
if not "%JobStatus%" == "0000" goto :EojNOK
:EojAOK
call SimoNOTE "Finished JobName %CmdName%, Job Status is %JobStatus%"
goto :End
:EojNOK
call SimoNOTE "ABENDING JobName %CmdName%, Job Status is %JobStatus%"
goto :End
:End
call SimoNOTE "Conclude SysOut is %SYSOUT%"
if not "%1" == "nopause" pause
The following is the JCL member (NBRTYPJ1.JCL) required to run this sample job on an IBM Mainframe with ZOS or a Windows, UNIX or Linux System with Micro Focus Server.
//NBRTYPJ1 JOB SIMOTIME,ACCOUNT,CLASS=1,MSGCLASS=0,NOTIFY=CSIP1 //* ******************************************************************* //* This program is provided by: SimoTime Enterprises * //* (C) Copyright 1987-2012 All Rights Reserved * //* Web Site URL: http://www.simotime.com * //* e-mail: helpdesk@simotime.com * //* ******************************************************************* //* //* Text - COBOL and Commonly User Numeric Formats //* Author - SimoTime Enterprises //* Date - November 11, 2003 //* Version - 03.12.15 //* //* This set of programs illustrates the use of some of the commonly //* used numeric formats. It will show actual hex-dump content of //* the fields along with the field length for the display format //* (actual digits), the packed format (COMP-3) and the binary (COMP) //* formats. //* //* The COBOL programs are compiled with the ASSIGN(EXTERNAL) //* directive. This provides for external file mapping of file names. //* //* When running with Net Express the IBMCOMP an NOTRUNC directives //* will be required to maintain compatability with the mainframe //* format and field sizes for binary fields. //* //* This technique provides for the use of a single COBOL source //* program that will run on OS/390, Windows or Unix. //* //* This set of programs will run on a Personal Computer with Windows //* and Micro Focus Mainframe Express or a Mainframe with OS/390. //* //* ******************************************************************* //* Step 1 of 2 This job step will delete a previously created //* hex-dump file. //* //DELTHEX1 EXEC PGM=IEFBR14 //SYSLOG DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.SYSLOGT1,DISP=(MOD,DELETE,DELETE), // STORCLAS=MFI, // SPACE=(TRK,5), // DCB=(RECFM=V,LRECL=1055,DSORG=PS) //* //* ******************************************************************* //* Step 2 of 2 Execute the program. //* //NBRTYPX1 EXEC PGM=NBRTYPC1,PARM='SYSOUT(BOTH)' //STEPLIB DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DEMO.LOADLIB1,DISP=SHR //* The following DD statement is for the logging file. //SYSLOG DD DSN=SIMOTIME.DATA.SYSLOGT1,DISP=(NEW,CATLG,CATLG), // STORCLAS=MFI, // SPACE=(TRK,5), // DCB=(RECFM=V,LRECL=1055,DSORG=PS) //* The following DD statement is SYSOUT and is used when //* the COBOL program does a Display. //SYSOUT DD SYSOUT=* //*
This program (NBRTYPC1.CBL) was written to test and scan a numeric field for numeric values or digits.
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. NBRTYPC1.
AUTHOR. SIMOTIME ENTERPRISES.
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* *
* RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND *
* Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject *
* to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of *
* the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at *
* DFARS 52.227-7013 or subparagraphs (c)(1) and (2) of *
* Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights at 48 *
* CFR 52.227-19, as applicable. Contact SimoTime Enterprises, *
* 15 Carnoustie Drive, Novato, CA 94949-5849. *
* *
*****************************************************************
* This program is provided by SimoTime Enterprises *
* Our e-mail address is: helpdesk@simotime.com *
* Also, visit our Web Site at http://www.simotime.com *
* *
*****************************************************************
*
*****************************************************************
* Source Member: NBRTYPC1.CBL
*****************************************************************
*
* NBRTYPC1 - Numeric formats for COBOL.
*
*
* DESCRIPTION
* -----------
* This set of programs is used to show the various numeric
* format used by the COBOL Program Language.
*
* This program illustrates the use of some of the commonly
* used numeric formats. It will show actual hex-dump content of
* the fields along with the field length for the display format
* (actual digits), the packed format (COMP-3) and the binary
* (COMP)
* formats.
*
* The COBOL programs are compiled with the ASSIGN(EXTERNAL)
* directive. This provides for external file mapping of file
* names.
*
* When running with Net Express the IBMCOMP an NOTRUNC directives
* will be required to maintain compatability with the mainframe
* format and field sizes for binary fields.
*
* This technique provides for the use of a single COBOL source
* program that will run on OS/390, Windows or Unix.
*
* This program will run on a Personal Computer with Windows
* and Micro Focus Net Express or Mainframe Express.
*
* This program will also run on an IBM Mainframe.
*
*****************************************************************
*
* MAINTENANCE
* -----------
* 1996/03/15 Simmons, Created program.
* 1996/03/15 Simmons, No changes to date.
*
*****************************************************************
*
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
DATA DIVISION.
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
*****************************************************************
* Data-structure for Title and Copyright...
* ------------------------------------------------------------
01 SIM-TITLE.
05 T1 pic X(11) value '* NBRTYPC1 '.
05 T2 pic X(34) value 'Numeric Formats for COBOL '.
05 T2 pic X(34) value 'Numeric Field Formats for COBOL '.
05 T3 pic X(10) value ' v11.12.19'.
05 T4 pic X(24) value ' http://www.simotime.com'.
01 SIM-COPYRIGHT.
05 C1 pic X(11) value '* NBRTYPC1 '.
05 C2 pic X(20) value 'Copyright 1987-2012 '.
05 C3 pic X(28) value '--- SimoTime Enterprises ---'.
05 C4 pic X(20) value ' All Rights Reserved'.
01 SIM-THANKS-01.
05 C1 pic X(11) value '* NBRTYPC1 '.
05 C2 pic X(32) value 'Thank you for using this softwar'.
05 C3 pic X(32) value 'e provided from SimoTime Enterpr'.
05 C4 pic X(04) value 'ises'.
01 SIM-THANKS-02.
05 C1 pic X(11) value '* NBRTYPC1 '.
05 C2 pic X(32) value 'Please send all inquires or sugg'.
05 C3 pic X(32) value 'estions to the helpdesk@simotime'.
05 C4 pic X(04) value '.com'.
*****************************************************************
* Buffer used for posting messages to the console.
* ------------------------------------------------------------
01 MESSAGE-BUFFER.
05 MESSAGE-HEADER pic X(11) value '* NBRTYPC1 '.
05 MESSAGE-TEXT pic X(68).
*****************************************************************
* Coding techniques for various numeric formats...
* ------------------------------------------------------------
* The following shows the full syntax for ZONED-DECIMAL
01 ZONE-DECIMAL-UNSIGN pic 9(5) USAGE IS DISPLAY.
* However, it is usually coded as follows.
01 ZONE-DECIMAL-UNSIGN-2 PIC 9(5).
* For Working Storage fields a value clause may be added to
* minimize or avoid the occurence of a "S0C7" or an error
* message of "Invalid value in numeric field" followed
* by a program ABEND. The value clause will cause the field
* to contain all ZEROES when the program is loaded. If the
* value clause is not used as follows the numeric field may
* contain spaces.
01 ZONE-DECIMAL-UNSIGN-2 PIC 9(5) VALUE 0.
* ------------------------------------------------------------
* The following is the full syntax for PACKED-DECIMAL.
01 PACK-DECIMAL-UNSIGN pic 9(5) USAGE IS COMPUTATIONAL-3.
* However, it is usually coded as follows. The VALUE clause
* is optional and will initialize the field to ZEROES when
* the program is started.
01 PACK-DECIMAL-UNSIGN-2 pic 9(5) COMP-3 VALUE 0.
* ------------------------------------------------------------
* The following is the full syntax for BINARY or COMP field.
01 BINARY-UNSIGN pic 9(5) USAGE IS COMPUTATIONAL.
*
* However, it is usually coded as follows. The VALUE clause
* is optional and will initialize the field to ZEROES when
* the program is started.
01 BINARY-UNSIGN-2 pic 9(5) COMP VALUE 0.
*****************************************************************
* Various numeric formats used by COBOL...
* ------------------------------------------------------------
01 UNSIGNED-123 pic 9(5) value 123.
01 UNSIGNED-123-X REDEFINES UNSIGNED-123
pic X(5).
01 PLUS-123 pic S9(5) value +123.
01 PLUS-123-X REDEFINES PLUS-123
pic X(5).
01 PLUS-123-PACKED pic S9(5) COMP-3 value +123.
01 PLUS-123-PACKED-X REDEFINES PLUS-123-PACKED
pic X(3).
01 PLUS-123-BINARY pic S9(5) BINARY value +123.
01 PLUS-123-BINARY-X REDEFINES PLUS-123-BINARY
pic X(4).
01 PLUS-123-SL pic S9(5) value +123
SIGN LEADING.
01 PLUS-123-SL-X REDEFINES PLUS-123-SL
pic X(5).
01 PLUS-123-ST pic S9(5) value +123
SIGN TRAILING.
01 PLUS-123-ST-X REDEFINES PLUS-123-ST
pic X(5).
01 PLUS-123-SLS pic S9(5) value +123
SIGN LEADING SEPARATE.
01 PLUS-123-SLS-X REDEFINES PLUS-123-SLS
pic X(6).
01 PLUS-123-STS pic S9(5) value +123
SIGN TRAILING SEPARATE.
01 PLUS-123-STS-X REDEFINES PLUS-123-STS
pic X(6).
01 MINUS-123 pic S9(5) value -123.
01 MINUS-123-X REDEFINES MINUS-123
pic X(5).
01 MINUS-123-PACKED pic S9(5) COMP-3 value -123.
01 MINUS-123-PACKED-X REDEFINES MINUS-123-PACKED
pic X(3).
01 MINUS-123-BINARY pic S9(5) BINARY value -123.
01 MINUS-123-BINARY-X REDEFINES MINUS-123-BINARY
pic X(4).
01 MINUS-123-SL pic S9(5) value -123
SIGN LEADING.
01 MINUS-123-SL-X REDEFINES MINUS-123-SL
pic X(5).
01 MINUS-123-ST pic S9(5) value -123
SIGN TRAILING.
01 MINUS-123-ST-X REDEFINES MINUS-123-ST
pic X(5).
01 MINUS-123-SLS pic S9(5) value -123
SIGN LEADING SEPARATE.
01 MINUS-123-SLS-X REDEFINES MINUS-123-SLS
pic X(6).
01 MINUS-123-STS pic S9(5) value -123
SIGN TRAILING SEPARATE.
01 MINUS-123-STS-X REDEFINES MINUS-123-STS
pic X(6).
01 FIELD-LENGTH pic 9(3) value 0.
01 FIELD-LENGTH-X REDEFINES FIELD-LENGTH
pic X(3).
01 LENGTH-OF-FIELDS.
05 FILLER pic X(7) value 'Digits='.
05 DIGITS-LENGTH pic 9(3) value 0.
05 FILLER pic X(8) value ' Packed='.
05 PACKED-LENGTH pic 9(3) value 0.
05 FILLER pic X(8) value ' Binary='.
05 BINARY-LENGTH pic 9(3) value 0.
05 FILLER pic X value SPACE.
05 FILLER pic X value SPACE.
05 FIELD-NAME pic X(32).
05 FILLER pic X(2) value SPACES.
01 NBR-01-DIGITS pic 9 value 1.
01 NBR-01-PACKED pic 9 COMP-3 value 1.
01 NBR-01-BINARY pic 9 COMP value 1.
01 NBR-02-DIGITS pic 9(02) value 12.
01 NBR-02-PACKED pic 9(02) COMP-3 value 12.
01 NBR-02-BINARY pic 9(02) COMP value 12.
01 NBR-03-DIGITS pic 9(03) value 123.
01 NBR-03-PACKED pic 9(03) COMP-3 value 123.
01 NBR-03-BINARY pic 9(03) COMP value 123.
01 NBR-04-DIGITS pic 9(04) value 1234.
01 NBR-04-PACKED pic 9(04) COMP-3 value 1234.
01 NBR-04-BINARY pic 9(04) COMP value 1234.
01 NBR-05-DIGITS pic 9(05) value 12345.
01 NBR-05-PACKED pic 9(05) COMP-3 value 12345.
01 NBR-05-BINARY pic 9(05) COMP value 12345.
01 NBR-06-DIGITS pic 9(06) value 123456.
01 NBR-06-PACKED pic 9(06) COMP-3 value 123456.
01 NBR-06-BINARY pic 9(06) COMP value 123456.
01 NBR-07-DIGITS pic 9(07) value 1234567.
01 NBR-07-PACKED pic 9(07) COMP-3 value 1234567.
01 NBR-07-BINARY pic 9(07) COMP value 1234567.
01 NBR-08-DIGITS pic 9(08) value 12345678.
01 NBR-08-PACKED pic 9(08) COMP-3 value 12345678.
01 NBR-08-BINARY pic 9(08) COMP value 12345678.
01 NBR-09-DIGITS pic 9(09) value 123456789.
01 NBR-09-PACKED pic 9(09) COMP-3 value 123456789.
01 NBR-09-BINARY pic 9(09) COMP value 123456789.
01 NBR-10-DIGITS pic 9(10) value 1234567890.
01 NBR-10-PACKED pic 9(10) COMP-3 value 1234567890.
01 NBR-10-BINARY pic 9(10) COMP value 1234567890.
01 NBR-11-DIGITS pic 9(11) value 12345678901.
01 NBR-11-PACKED pic 9(11) COMP-3 value 12345678901.
01 NBR-11-BINARY pic 9(11) COMP value 12345678901.
01 NBR-12-DIGITS pic 9(12) value 123456789012.
01 NBR-12-PACKED pic 9(12) COMP-3 value 123456789012.
01 NBR-12-BINARY pic 9(12) COMP value 123456789012.
01 NBR-13-DIGITS pic 9(13) value 1234567890123.
01 NBR-13-PACKED pic 9(13) COMP-3 value 1234567890123.
01 NBR-13-BINARY pic 9(13) COMP value 1234567890123.
01 NBR-14-DIGITS pic 9(14) value 12345678901234.
01 NBR-14-PACKED pic 9(14) COMP-3 value 12345678901234.
01 NBR-14-BINARY pic 9(14) COMP value 12345678901234.
01 NBR-15-DIGITS pic 9(15) value 123456789012345.
01 NBR-15-PACKED pic 9(15) COMP-3 value 123456789012345.
01 NBR-15-BINARY pic 9(15) COMP value 123456789012345.
01 NBR-16-DIGITS pic 9(16) value 1234567890123456.
01 NBR-16-PACKED pic 9(16) COMP-3 value 1234567890123456.
01 NBR-16-BINARY pic 9(16) COMP value 1234567890123456.
01 NBR-17-DIGITS pic 9(17) value 12345678901234567.
01 NBR-17-PACKED pic 9(17) COMP-3 value 12345678901234567.
01 NBR-17-BINARY pic 9(17) COMP value 12345678901234567.
01 NBR-18-DIGITS pic 9(18) value 123456789012345678.
01 NBR-18-PACKED pic 9(18) COMP-3 value 123456789012345678.
01 NBR-18-BINARY pic 9(18) COMP value 123456789012345678.
COPY PASSDUMP.
*****************************************************************
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
perform FIRST-TIME-LOGIC
* ------------------------------------------------------------
* Example-01, Show the Hex format for a SIMPLE, UNSIGNED
* NUMERIC field...
perform EXAMPLE-01
* ------------------------------------------------------------
* Example-02, Show the Hex format for a SIMPLE, SIGNED
* NUMERIC field...
perform EXAMPLE-02
* ------------------------------------------------------------
* Example-03, Show the Hex format for a SIGNED, PACKED,
* NUMERIC field...
perform EXAMPLE-03
* ------------------------------------------------------------
* Example-04, Show the Hex format for a SIGNED, BINARY,
* NUMERIC field...
perform EXAMPLE-04
* ------------------------------------------------------------
* Example-05, Show the Hex format for a SIGN, LEADING,
* NUMERIC field...
perform EXAMPLE-05
* ------------------------------------------------------------
* Example-06, Show the Hex format for a SIGN, TRAILING,
* NUMERIC field...
perform EXAMPLE-06
* ------------------------------------------------------------
* Example-07, Show the Hex format for a SIGN, LEADING,
* SEPARATE, NUMERIC field...
perform EXAMPLE-07
* ------------------------------------------------------------
* Example-08, Show the Hex format for a SIGN, TRAILING,
* SEPARATE, NUMERIC field...
perform EXAMPLE-08
* ------------------------------------------------------------
* Example-09, Show the Specfied size and actual field length.
perform EXAMPLE-09
GOBACK.
*****************************************************************
DUMP-ASTERISK-ROW.
move 'NOTE' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
move all '*' to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
exit.
*****************************************************************
DUMP-ASTERISK-ROW-2X.
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-SINGLE
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-ROW
exit.
*****************************************************************
DUMP-ASTERISK-SINGLE.
move 'NOTE' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move '*' to SIMODUMP-BUFFER(1:1)
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
exit.
*****************************************************************
* Show the Hex format for a SIMPLE, UNSIGNED, NUMERIC field...
*****************************************************************
EXAMPLE-01.
* Prepare to show the Number...
move 'Task0001' to SIMODUMP-DUMP-ID
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-ROW-2X
move 'UNSIGNED-123 PIC 9(5)' to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Show the hexadecimal content of the field...
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
add length of UNSIGNED-123 to ZERO giving SIMODUMP-LENGTH
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move UNSIGNED-123-X to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
exit.
*****************************************************************
* Show the Hex format for a SIGNED, NUMERIC field...
*****************************************************************
EXAMPLE-02.
* Prepare to show the Positive Number...
move 'Task0002' to SIMODUMP-DUMP-ID
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-ROW-2X
move 'PLUS-123 PIC S9(5)' to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Show the hexadecimal content of the Positive Number...
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
add length of PLUS-123 to ZERO giving SIMODUMP-LENGTH
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move PLUS-123-X to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Prepare to show the Negative Number...
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-SINGLE
move 'MINUS-123 PIC S9(5)' to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Show the hexadecimal content of the Negative Number...
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
add length of MINUS-123 to ZERO giving SIMODUMP-LENGTH
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move MINUS-123-X to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
exit.
*****************************************************************
* Show the Hex format for a SIGNED, PACKED, NUMERIC field...
*****************************************************************
EXAMPLE-03.
* Prepare to show the Positive Number...
move 'Task0003' to SIMODUMP-DUMP-ID
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-ROW-2X
move 'PLUS-123-PACKED PIC S9(5) COMP-3' to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Show the hexadecimal content of the Positive Number...
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
add length of PLUS-123-PACKED to ZERO
giving SIMODUMP-LENGTH
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move PLUS-123-PACKED-X to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Prepare to show the Negative Number...
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-SINGLE
move 'MINUS-123-PACKED PIC S9(5) COMP-3' to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Show the hexadecimal content of the Negative Number...
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
add length of MINUS-123-PACKED to ZERO
giving SIMODUMP-LENGTH
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move MINUS-123-PACKED-X to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
exit.
*****************************************************************
* Show the Hex format for a SIGNED, BINARY, NUMERIC field...
*****************************************************************
EXAMPLE-04.
* Prepare to show the Positive Number...
move 'Task0004' to SIMODUMP-DUMP-ID
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-ROW-2X
move 'PLUS-123-BINARY PIC S9(5) BINARY' to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Show the hexadecimal content of the Positive Number...
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
add length of PLUS-123-BINARY to ZERO
giving SIMODUMP-LENGTH
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move PLUS-123-BINARY-X to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Prepare to show the Negative Number...
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-SINGLE
move 'MINUS-123-BINARY PIC S9(5) BINARY' to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Show the hexadecimal content of the Negative Number...
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
add length of MINUS-123-BINARY to ZERO
giving SIMODUMP-LENGTH
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move MINUS-123-BINARY-X to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
exit.
*****************************************************************
* Show the Hex format for a SIGN, LEADING, NUMERIC field...
*****************************************************************
EXAMPLE-05.
* Prepare to show the Positive Number...
move 'Task0005' to SIMODUMP-DUMP-ID
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-ROW-2X
move 'PLUS-123-SL PIC S9(5) SIGN LEADING' to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Show the hexadecimal content of the Positive Number...
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
add length of PLUS-123-SL to ZERO giving SIMODUMP-LENGTH
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move PLUS-123-SL-X to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Prepare to show the Negative Number...
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-SINGLE
move 'MINUS-123-SL PIC S9(5) SIGN LEADING'
to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Show the hexadecimal content of the Negative Number...
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
add length of MINUS-123-SL to ZERO giving SIMODUMP-LENGTH
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move MINUS-123-SL-X to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
exit.
*****************************************************************
* Show the Hex format for a SIGN, TRAILING, NUMERIC field...
*****************************************************************
EXAMPLE-06.
* Prepare to show the Positive Number...
move 'Task0006' to SIMODUMP-DUMP-ID
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-ROW-2X
move 'PLUS-123-ST PIC S9(5) SIGN TRAILING'
to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Show the hexadecimal content of the Positive Number...
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
add length of PLUS-123-ST to ZERO giving SIMODUMP-LENGTH
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move PLUS-123-ST-X to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Prepare to show the Negative Number...
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-SINGLE
move 'MINUS-123-ST PIC S9(5) SIGN TRAILING'
to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Show the hexadecimal content of the Negative Number...
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
add length of MINUS-123-ST to ZERO giving SIMODUMP-LENGTH
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move MINUS-123-ST-X to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
exit.
*****************************************************************
* Show Hex format for a SIGN, LEADING, SEPARATE, NUMERIC field...
*****************************************************************
EXAMPLE-07.
* Prepare to show the Positive Number...
move 'Task0007' to SIMODUMP-DUMP-ID
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-ROW-2X
move 'PLUS-123-SLS PIC S9(5) SIGN LEADING SEPARATE'
to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Show the hexadecimal content of the Positive Number...
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
add length of PLUS-123-SLS to ZERO giving SIMODUMP-LENGTH
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move PLUS-123-SLS-X to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Prepare to show the Negative Number...
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-SINGLE
move 'MINUS-123-SLS PIC S9(5) SIGN LEADING SEPARATE'
to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Show the hexadecimal content of the Negative Number...
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
add length of MINUS-123-SLS to ZERO giving SIMODUMP-LENGTH
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move MINUS-123-SLS-X to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
exit.
*****************************************************************
* Show Hex format for a SIGN, TRAILING, SEPARATE, NUMERIC field.
*****************************************************************
EXAMPLE-08.
* Prepare to show the Positive Number...
move 'Task0008' to SIMODUMP-DUMP-ID
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-ROW-2X
move 'PLUS-123-STS PIC S9(5) SIGN TRAILING SEPARATE'
to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Show the hexadecimal content of the Positive Number...
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
add length of PLUS-123-STS to ZERO giving SIMODUMP-LENGTH
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move PLUS-123-STS-X to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Prepare to show the Negative Number...
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-SINGLE
move 'MINUS-123-STS PIC S9(5) SIGN TRAILING SEPARATE'
to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
* Show the hexadecimal content of the Negative Number...
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
add length of MINUS-123-STS to ZERO giving SIMODUMP-LENGTH
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move MINUS-123-STS-X to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
exit.
*****************************************************************
* Show the Specfied size and actual field length.
*****************************************************************
EXAMPLE-09.
move 'Task0009' to SIMODUMP-DUMP-ID
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-ROW-2X
*
add length of NBR-01-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-01-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-01-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-01 Field Sizes for PIC 9' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-02-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-02-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-02-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-02 Field Sizes for PIC 99' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-03-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-03-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-03-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-03 Field Sizes for PIC 999' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-04-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-04-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-04-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-04 Field Sizes for PIC 9(4)' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-05-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-05-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-05-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-05 Field Sizes for PIC 9(5)' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-06-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-06-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-06-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-06 Field Sizes for PIC 9(6)' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-07-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-07-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-07-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-07 Field Sizes for PIC 9(7)' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-08-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-08-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-08-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-08 Field Sizes for PIC 9(8)' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-09-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-09-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-09-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-09 Field Sizes for PIC 9(9)' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-10-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-10-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-10-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-10 Field Sizes for PIC 9(10)' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-11-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-11-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-11-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-11 Field Sizes for PIC 9(11)' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-12-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-12-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-12-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-12 Field Sizes for PIC 9(12)' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-13-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-13-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-13-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-13 Field Sizes for PIC 9(13)' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-14-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-14-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-14-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-14 Field Sizes for PIC 9(14)' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-15-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-15-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-15-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-15 Field Sizes for PIC 9(15)' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-16-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-16-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-16-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-16 Field Sizes for PIC 9(16)' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-17-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-17-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-17-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-17 Field Sizes for PIC 9(17)' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
add length of NBR-18-DIGITS to ZERO giving DIGITS-LENGTH
add length of NBR-18-PACKED to ZERO giving PACKED-LENGTH
add length of NBR-18-BINARY to ZERO giving BINARY-LENGTH
move 'NBR-18 Field Sizes for PIC 9(18)' to FIELD-NAME
move LENGTH-OF-FIELDS to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
perform Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR
*
perform DUMP-ASTERISK-ROW
*
exit.
*****************************************************************
FIRST-TIME-LOGIC.
perform Z-POST-COPYRIGHT.
move 'DUMP' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
move 'OUT2' to SIMODUMP-OUTPUT
move 'HIDE' to SIMODUMP-COPYRIGHT
exit.
*****************************************************************
* The following Z-Routines perform administrative tasks *
* for this program. *
*****************************************************************
Z-POST-CONSOLE-MESSAGE.
display MESSAGE-BUFFER upon console
move SPACES to MESSAGE-TEXT
exit.
*****************************************************************
Z-POST-COPYRIGHT.
display SIM-TITLE upon console
display SIM-COPYRIGHT upon console
exit.
*****************************************************************
Z-POST-NOTE-AND-CLEAR.
move 'NOTE' to SIMODUMP-REQUEST
call 'SIMODUMP' using SIMODUMP-PASS-AREA SIMODUMP-BUFFER
move SPACES to SIMODUMP-BUFFER
exit.
*****************************************************************
Z-THANK-YOU.
display SIM-THANKS-01 upon console
display SIM-THANKS-02 upon console
exit.
*****************************************************************
* This example is provided by SimoTime Enterprises *
* Our e-mail address is: helpdesk@simotime.com *
* Also, visit our Web Site at http://www.simotime.com *
*****************************************************************
The purpose of this document is to assist as a tutorial for new programmers or as a quick reference for experienced programmers. In the world of programming there are many ways to solve a problem. This document and the links to other documents are intended to provide a choice of alternatives.
Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software, documentation or training material for any purpose requires a fee to be paid to SimoTime Enterprises. Once the fee is received by SimoTime the latest version of the software, documentation or training material will be delivered and a license will be granted for use within an enterprise, provided the SimoTime copyright notice appear on all copies of the software. The SimoTime name or Logo may not be used in any advertising or publicity pertaining to the use of the software without the written permission of SimoTime Enterprises.
SimoTime Enterprises makes no warranty or representations about the suitability of the software, documentation or learning material for any purpose. It is provided "AS IS" without any expressed or implied warranty, including the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. SimoTime Enterprises shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special or consequential damages resulting from the loss of use, data or projects, whether in an action of contract or tort, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of this software, documentation or training material.
This section includes links to documents with additional information that is beyond the scope and purpose of this document. The first sub-section requires an internet connection, the second sub-section references locally available documents.
Note: A SimoTime License is required for the items to be made available on a local server.
The following links will require an internet connect.
A good place to start is The SimoTime Home Page for access to white papers, program examples and product information.
This suite of programs and documentation is available for download. Link to an Evaluation zPAK Option that includes the program members, documentation and control files.
Explore The Numbers Connection in the SimoTime Library for more examples of programs and documentation that describe and demonstrate techniques for understanding and processing the various numeric field formats used in a mainframe environment.
Explore The ASCII and EBCDIC translation tables. These tables are provided for individuals that need to better understand the bit structures and differences of the encoding formats.
Explore The File Status Return Codes to interpret the results of accessing VSAM data sets and QSAM files.
Explore The Micro Focus Web Site for more information about products and services available from Micro Focus.
The following links may be accessible without an internet connection.
| Numeric Type | Description |
| Zoned Decimal | This document describes the zoned-decimal format. This is coded in COBOL as USAGE IS DISPLAY and is the default format if the USAGE clause is missing. Note: This is the slowest performer and uses the most storage space but is easiest to display on a screen or print to a printer. This encoding scheme may be unsigned (implied positive) or signed. This type of field will require special handling for the sign position when migrating from a mainframe (EBCDIC) to a Micro Focus (ASCII) environment. |
| Packed Decimal | This document describes the packed-decimal format. This is coded in COBOL as USAGE IS COMPUTATIONAL-3 and is usually coded in its abbreviated form of COMP-3. Note: The mainframe can perform arithmetic functions with this data format at the hardware (or micro-code) level. This type of encoding scheme was primarily used to save storage space. This encoding scheme may be unsigned (implied positive) or signed. When migrating from a mainframe (EBCDIC) to a Micro Focus (ASCII) environment this type of field should be left in its original format since this will be supported in the new environment. |
| Binary | This document describes the binary format. This is coded in COBOL as USAGE IS COMPUTATIONAL and is usually coded in its abbreviated form of COMP. This may also be coded with the keyword BINARY. Note: This format will save storage space but was primarily used for performance. Register arithmetic uses this format. This encoding scheme may be unsigned (implied positive) or signed. When migrating from a mainframe (EBCDIC) to a Micro Focus (ASCII) environment this type of field should be left in its original format since this will be supported in the new environment. |
| Edited Numeric | This document describes the edited numeric format. This is coded in COBOL using an edit mask in the picture clause. An example would be PIC ZZZ.99+. Note: This type of field is used for numbers that are to be displayed or printed and should be all text characters. This filed should be converted using standard conversion tables. |
| Floating Point | This format is used when a high level of precision is required or very large numbers are required. On the mainframe the default is to use the IBM 370 Floating Point Arithmetic. On Windows or UNIX using Micro Focus the default is to use the IEEE Standard for Floating Point Arithmetic. The IEEE standard provides a higher level of precision than 370. However, 370 provides for larger numbers by providing less precision. |
| numbug01 | The challenge with this program is that it is expected to process the various numeric items in the same manner as the mainframe. For example, a zoned-decimal field that contains leading spaces should not cause an ABEND (i.e. 163 error on Micro Focus) but should treat the leading spaces as zeroes and complete the arithmetic calculation. However, a packed-decimal field that contains non-numeric values would issue a S0C7 (referred to as a sock-seven) on the mainframe and should issue a 163 error in the Micro Focus environment. |
| numprt01 | Printing numeric fields, especially packed-decimal or binary (i.e. COMP-3 or COMP) requires special consideration. Also, signed, zoned-decimal fields will require special consideration. Most numeric fields will require some sort of editing before printing. This suite of programs provides examples of how a COBOL program may be used to properly print (or display) numeric fields. |
Explore The File Status Return Codes to interpret the results of accessing VSAM data sets and QSAM files.
Check out The SimoTime Glossary for a list of terms and definitions used in the documents provided by SimoTime.
This document was created and is maintained by SimoTime Enterprises.
If you have any questions, suggestions, comments or feedback please call or send an e-mail to: helpdesk@simotime.com
We appreciate hearing from you.
Founded in 1987, SimoTime Enterprises is a privately owned company. We specialize in the creation and deployment of business applications using new or existing technologies and services. We have a team of individuals that understand the broad range of technologies being used in today's environments. This includes the smallest thin client using the Internet and the very large mainframe systems. There is more to making the Internet work for your company's business than just having a nice looking WEB site. It is about combining the latest technologies and existing technologies with practical business experience. It's about the business of doing business and looking good in the process. Quite often, to reach larger markets or provide a higher level of service to existing customers it requires the newer Internet technologies to work in a complementary manner with existing corporate mainframe systems.
Whether you want to use the Internet to expand into new market segments or as a delivery vehicle for existing business functions simply give us a call or check the web site at http://www.simotime.com
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